As many other high-risk industries, safety is the most important prerequisite and foundation for the development of civil aviation. A systematic framework is presented to quantitatively assess the safety performance and operation risk for civil aviation organizations. The safety performance indicator program life cycle is introduced. A comprehensive safety performance assessment model is proposed to evaluate a civil aviation organization’s safety status and operation risk based on safety performance indicator system. A safety performance assessment tool is developed to realize the function of safety performance indicator definition, data filling of safety performance indicators, and data statistics and presentation. A case of a civil airport in Central and Southern Regional of China is studied to illustrate the efficiency and flexibility of the proposed model. The assessment results are consistent with the actual operation state of the airport.

A Framework to Quantitatively Assess Safety Performance for Civil Aviation Organization

With the wide implementation of safety management system in civil aviation industry, the implementation efficiency of safety management system has been paid more and more attentions. Safety performance management is the core of safety management system because of its important role in providing operation data to verify the implementation efficiency. By considering the management mechanisms of safety management system in civil aviation, a big picture of civil aviation safety management is illustrated. In this big picture, the processes of hazard identification, risk assessment, safety control measures, operation monitor and review in the civil aviation operation stage are presented and discussed. A novel operation risk assessment model is proposed to evaluate a certain civil aviation organization with several branches which have a number of departments based on the safety performance indicator system. A case of an aviation fuel company with five branches and twenty-five departments in these branches is studied to verify the flexibility of the proposed model. The assessment results are consistent with the actual operation state of the aviation fuel company.

Safety Performance-Based Risk Assessment for Aviation Fuel Supply of Civil Aviation

Safety is the most important thing for civil aviation organization’s survival and development. Firstly, the safety performance-related requirements from the International Civil Aviation Organization is introduced. The latest research progress of safety performance management from academic and industry is reviewed. Secondly, the safety performance management life cycle which combines the Plan, Do, Check, and Act management approach is presented. There are Plan phase, Do phase, Check phase, and Act phase in the safety performance management life cycle. For each phase, steps used to implement safety performance management are discussed. Thirdly, a quantitative risk assessment approach is proposed based on the established safety performance indicator system of a civil aviation organization and its departments. Heinrich’s Law is used as a baseline to assign the severity coefficients for different types of safety performance indicators by considering the standard “Civil aircraft incident” published in 2018. Severity scores are used to reflect the differences among safety performance indicators belong to the same type. Finally, a case study of an aviation fuel company is demonstrated to verify the feasibility, effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed risk assessment approach. It is found that the assessment results for the aviation fuel company and its six departments are in accordance with the actual operation situation of the aviation fuel company.

A Quantitative Risk Assessment Approach Based on Safety Performance

The aim of the paper is to summarize the experience gained from the safety management system (SMS) of Prague Airport in the period most affected by the pandemic. The safety management system has been operational at the airport for 14 years and the last 2 have been different than the years before. The local safety processes have changed to be able to react to the new challenges, especially in the field of the human factors. Also, the safety performance of the airport has changed, as described later. The paper transforms the experience gained in this extraordinary period into a set of conclusions, recommendations, and proposed ways how to study the topic further- The results can be used by the safety managers of other airports and other aviation companies in initiatives to improve the functioning of the safety management systems in the near future, and not in the pandemic times only. No doubt the covid was the topic of the years 2020 and 2021, but aviation must think generally and get prepared for other potential disruptions than just the pandemics, say lack of energy, adverse weather like the one that tormented Istanbul Grand Airport at the beginning of 2022, geo-political crises like the one we face now, or a shortage of staff. The last mentioned is overt, as thousands of experienced employees have left airports in last two years. It is not easy to recruit them back or attract the new ones. The paper therefore touches not just the safety, but also resilience and business continuity topics. 

Development of safety at Prague Airport during the pandemic

In order to achieve safety intelligence based on the objective judgment of the safety situation in China civil aviation, the research studied the global safety priorities identified by the ICAO and compared it with the accident and incident information of China Civil Aviation for the last ten years, and analyzed China’s civil aviation industry operation quality monitoring information, China flight standards oversight information and state safety profile information from ICAO. After comprehensive analysis and judgment of these data and their characteristics, the study final constructs a classified, objective and data-driven civil aviation industry safety performance evaluation indicator system. The establishment of national safety performance evaluation indicator system breaks the data barrier of each operation management system and makes the data used for decision-making more objective and diversified.

Establishment of National Safety Performance Evaluation Indicator System

In order to comprehensively evaluate risk in airport operation safety, a safety performance indicator system is established by using a forward analysis process and backward analysis process. These safety performance indicators are categorized into four types: unsafe event type, foundation type, management type, and operation type. A framework used for evaluating airport operation risk is presented. A comprehensive risk evaluation model for airport operation safety is then proposed based on assigning severity weight to each safety performance indicator. Ten months' actual operation data from an airport is used to verify the feasibility and applicability of the comprehensive risk evaluation model. The evaluation results are consistent with the actual operation situation.

A Comprehensive Risk Evaluation Model for Airport Operation Safety

Maritime transportation is one of the most important modes of freight transportation. The navigation industry has been developing rapidly and the number of ships is increasing day by day. However, the navigable waters are limited, and the increase in the number of ships will inevitably increase the ship traffic density in navigable waters, leading to an increase in the risk of maritime accidents. According to the analysis of the causes of marine accidents in recent years, it is found that many marine accidents occurred in restricted visibility. Ship sailing in poor visibility will easily lead to difficulties in ship lookout, positioning by land marks and identification of targets, thus causing stranding, collision and other marine traffic accidents. Dense fog also affects the propagation of radio waves and acoustic signals, and then affects the normal use of the corresponding navigational equipment, which seriously threatens the safe navigation of ships. The article, by analyzing typical ship collision accidents occurred when the visibility is poor, analyses the cause, feature and regular pattern, and discusses the precautions and safety measures for navigation in poor visibility waters, provides good experience and practice for ship navigators to ensure the safety of ship navigation in poor visibility conditions. It can also play a certain role in prompting young navigators to navigate and manage the ships correctly in poor visibility. 

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Hao Sun

Papers

A Comprehensive Risk Evaluation Model for Airport Operation Safety

Safety Measures and Practice of Ship Navigation in Restricted Visibility Base on Collision Case Study

Key Points of Vertical Traffic Design of Super High-Rise Buildings above 400 Meters