Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

The Interaction of Water with Solid Surfaces: Fundamental Aspects Revisited

The fabrication methods of the microelectronics industry have been refined to produce ever smaller devices, but will soon reach their fundamental limits. A promising alternative route to even smaller functional systems with nanometre dimensions is the autonomous ordering and assembly of atoms and molecules on atomically well-defined surfaces. This approach combines ease of fabrication with exquisite control over the shape, composition and mesoscale organization of the surface structures formed. Once the mechanisms controlling the self-ordering phenomena are fully understood, the self-assembly and growth processes can be steered to create a wide range of surface nanostructures from metallic, semiconducting and molecular materials.

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Engineering atomic and molecular nanostructures at surfaces

Surface science studies of model fuel cell electrocatalysts

A surface science perspective on TiO2 photocatalysis

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibrations

The role of surface stress in reconstruction, epitaxial growth and stabilization of mesoscopic structures

http://w0.rz-berlin.mpg.de/hjfdb/pdf/110e.pdf

Formation of a well-ordered aluminium oxide overlayer by oxidation of NiAl(110)

1 Introduction- 11 Electron Spectroscopy and Its Importance in Surface Science- 12 The Information Depth- 13 Electron Spectroscopies- References- 2 Design of Electron Spectrometers for Surface Analysis- 21 Specific Requirements of the Various Electron Spectroscopies for Surface Analysis- 22 General Principles and Characteristics of Electron Spectrometers- 221 Basic Principles of Energy Analysis- 222 Characteristics Related to Energy Resolution and Sensitivity- 223 Figures of Merit- 23 Design Principles of Electron Spectrometers- 231 Electron Optics for Energy Analysis- 232 Optimization of Electron Monochromators and Analyzers- 233 Detection Methods and Data Processing- 234 Further Practical Considerations- 24 Description of the Electron Spectrometers and the Methods of Energy Analysis for Surface Studies- 241 Electrostatic Deflection Spectrometers- 242 Magnetic Deflection Spectrometers- 243 Crossed-Field Deflection Spectrometers- 244 Retarding Potential Spectrometers- 245 Other Techniques- 25 Comparison of Electron Spectrometers- 26 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms- References- 3 Electron-Excited Core Level Spectroscopies- 31 Basic Processes- 311 Free Atoms- 312 Surface Atoms- 32 Threshold Spectroscopies- 321 Oberserving the Excitation: Disappearance Potential Spectroscopy (DAPS)- 322 Observing the Deexcitation- 33 Ionization Loss Spectroscopy (ILS)- 34 Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)- 341 Influence of the Atomic Environment- 342 Quantitative Auger Analysis- 343 Auger Microanalysis- 344 Combined Auger/X-Ray Microanalysis- 35 Comparisons- 351 Threshold Spectroscopies Inter Se- 352 Threshold Spectroscopies Versus ILS- 353 Elemental Analysis- References- 4 Electron Diffraction and Surface Defect Structure- 41 Principles of Defect Detection by Electron Diffraction- 411 Validity of the Kinematical Approximation- 412 Construction and Calculation of the Ideal LEED Pattern- 413 Instrumental Limitations- 414 Diffraction Pattern of Simple Defect Structures- 415 The Kind of Information in the Diffraction Pattern- 42 Point Defects- 421 Variation of Scattering Factor- 422 Variation of Atom Position- 43 Atomic Steps- 431 Regular Step Arrays on Primitive Lattices- 432 Irregular Step Arrays- 433 Nonprimitive Lattices- 434 Examples of Stepped Surfaces- 44 Domains and Facets- 441 Superstructures and Domains- 442 LEED Patterns of Domain Structures- 443 Quantitative Description of LEED Patterns- 444 Facets- 45 The Interpretation of a LEED Pattern- 451 Parameters to be Observed- 452 Interrelation of Defects and Effects- References- 5 Photoemission Spectroscopy- 51 Principles of Photoemission- 511 Parameters and Ranges- 512 Basic Processes- 52 Instrumentation- 521 Light Sources- 53 Theoretical and Practical Aspects- 531 Electron Excitation and Emission- 532 Surface Sensitivity- 533 Relaxation and Chemical Shift- 534 Photoemission from Adsorbates- 54 Measurement Methods- 541 Energy-Resolved Spectroscopy- 542 Angle-Resolved Photoemission- 543 Yield Spectroscopies- 544 Spin-Polarized Photoemission- References- 6 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy- 61 Definition of ELS- 62 Theory of Inelastic Scattering- 621 The Classical Theory (Concept of the "Dielectric Theory")- 622 Quantum Mechanical Description of the Dielectric Theory- 623 The Excitation of Optical Surface Phonons in Infrared-Active Material- 624 Excitation of Optical Surface Phonoms on Noninfrared-Active Substrates- 625 Excitation of Plasma Waves- 626 Electronic Surface Transitions- 627 Data Reduction- 628 Anisotropic Effects of ELS- 63 Experimental Studies of Surface Vibrations (Clean Surfaces)- 631 The Apparatus- 632 Infrared Active Material- 633 Noninfrared Active Material- 64 Vibrational Modes on Gas-Covered Surfaces- 641 Apparatus- 642 Information- 643 Oxygen Adsorption on Si (111) 2 x 1- 644 Adsorption of Hydrogen on Si (111) 2 x 1- 645 Hydrogen Adsorption on W(100)- 646 Adsorption of Oxygen on W(100)- 647 The Adsorption of CO on Tungsten (100)- 65 Experimental Studies of Electronic Transitions- 651 The Apparatus- 652 Relationship Between the Spectrometer and the Interpretation of the Loss Spectra- 653 Excitations of Electronic Transitions at Clean Silicon Surfaces- 654 Electronic Excitations at Ge(111) Surfaces- 655 Galliurn Arsenide- 656 Selection Rule Effects Observed at Ge and GaAs- 657 Electronic Transitions at SiO and SiO2- 66 Conclusion- References

Electron Spectroscopy for Surface Analysis

The magnetic properties of Fe films epitaxially grown on Cu(100) have been correlated to their structure and morphology. Strained fcc iron films with thicknesses between 5 and 11 monolayers (ML) are ferromagnetically ordered at the surface with a perpendicular orientation of the magnetic moment, whereas the bulk of the films remains paramagnetic. The surface magnetism is related to an expanded interlayer distance at the surface. With the onset of dislocation formation at about 11 ML, the films become magnetic in the bulk and the magnetization switches to in-plane orientation.

Harald Ibach

Papers

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibrations

The role of surface stress in reconstruction, epitaxial growth and stabilization of mesoscopic structures

Formation of a well-ordered aluminium oxide overlayer by oxidation of NiAl(110)

Electron Spectroscopy for Surface Analysis

Magnetic live surface layers in Fe/Cu(100).