Major perspectives concerning stress are presented with the goal of clarifying the nature of what has proved to be a heuristic but vague construct. Current conceptualizations of stress are challenged as being too phenomenological and ambiguous, and consequently, not given to direct empirical testing. Indeed, it is argued that researchers have tended to avoid the problem of defining stress, choosing to study stress without reference to a clear framework. A new stress model called the model of conservation of resources is presented as an alternative. This resource-oriented model is based on the supposition that people strive to retain, project, and build resources and that what is threatening to them is the potential or actual loss of these valued resources. Implications of the model of conservation of resources for new research directions are discussed.

Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizing stress.

Marketing theory and practice have focused persistently on exchange between buyers and sellers. Unfortunately, most of the research and too many of the marketing strategies treat buyer-seller excha...

Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships:

Research on the relation between attitude and behavior is examined in light of the correspondence between attitudinal and behavioral entities. Such entities are defined by their target, action, context, and time elements. A review of available empirical research supports the contention that strong attitude-behavior relations dre obtained only under high correspondence between at least the target and action elements of the attitudinal and behavioral entities. This conclusion is compared with the rather pessimistic assessment of the utility of the attitude concept found in much contemporary social psychological literature.

/pdf/attitude-behavior-relations-a-theoretical-analysis-and-2wr3erzb6j.pdf

Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research.

https://media.terry.uga.edu/socrates/publications/2013/05/Cropanzano__Mitchell_2005_SET_Review_JOM.pdf

Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review

INDIVIDUAL PROCESSES IN INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR 3 From Individual to Group Impressions 3 GROUP MEMBERSHIP AND INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR 7 The Scope and Range of Ethnocentrism 8 The Development of Ethnocentrism 9 Intergroup Conflict and Competition 12 Interpersonal and intergroup behavior 13 Intergroup conflict and group cohesion 15 Power and status in intergroup behavior 16 Social Categorization a d Intergroup Behavior 20 Social categorization: cognitions, values, and groups 20 Social categorization a d intergroup discrimination 23 Social identity and social comparison 24 THE REDUCTION FINTERGROUP DISCRIMINATION 27 Intergroup Cooperation and Superordinate Goals " 28 Intergroup Contact. 28 Multigroup Membership and "lndividualizat~’on" of the Outgroup 29 SUMMARY 30

Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations

Some Applications of Behavioural Research.

Groups, leadership and men : research in human relations : reports on research sponsored by the Human Relations and Morale Branch of the Office of Naval Research 1945-50

Concepts which may be useful in research on executive performance stem from a variety of sources and are expressed in a variety of vocabularies. Administrators themselves have developed a complex jargon which is likely to be as mystifying to the social scientists as is the latter's to them. Administrative theorists often formulate variables in the language of psychology [10] in order to pose problems and suggest hypotheses for study. The translation of ideas from practitioner's lore or administrative theory into behavioral terms amenable to measurement, however, raises a host of conceptual and methodological questions. Some of these questions are confronted in the present study. It is one of a series of papers intended to develop a general theory of “executive judgment” and to permit study of its susceptibility to educational modification. An a priori analysis of the concept of executive judgment which provides the rationale of these studies is presented elsewhere [Guetzkow, H., G. A. Forehand. 1961. A re...

Judgment and Decision-Making Activities of Government Executives as Described by Superiors and Co-Workers

Propaganda Analysis: A Study of Inferences Made from Nazi Propaganda in World War II. By Alexander L. George. (Evanston, Ill., White Plains, N. Y.: Row, Peterson and Co.1959. Pp. xxii, 287. $6.00.)

Harold Guetzkow

Papers

Some Applications of Behavioural Research.

Groups, leadership and men : research in human relations : reports on research sponsored by the Human Relations and Morale Branch of the Office of Naval Research 1945-50

Judgment and Decision-Making Activities of Government Executives as Described by Superiors and Co-Workers

Propaganda Analysis: A Study of Inferences Made from Nazi Propaganda in World War II. By Alexander L. George. (Evanston, Ill., White Plains, N. Y.: Row, Peterson and Co.1959. Pp. xxii, 287. $6.00.)

Organizations: An Executive's View@@@Organizations