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Computation And Interpretation Of Biological Statistics Of Fish Populations

In this course, taught at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology in northwest Pennsylvania, students will explore the population, community, and ecosystem ecology of fishes. We will conduct field investigations in streams, lakes, and marshes. Students will attend background lectures, conduct experiments and field surveys, participate in data collection and analysis, and gain experience in the interpretation and presentation of results. We will learn how to integrate math, physics, chemistry, and biology in our study of fishes. In addition, we seek to expose students to current research in fish ecology. Students will participate in the design of experiments, data analysis, and hone their presentation skills. Most importantly, they will leave the course with a greater knowledge of and appreciation for Pennsylvania’s rich diversity of fishes.

Ecology of fishes

By Alain F. Zuur, Elena N. Ieno and Graham M. Smith, New York, Springer, 2007, xxvi + 672 pp., £54.00 or US$84.95 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-387-45967-7 As stated in the preface, finding a suitable and...

Analysing ecological data

Summary
The objective of the study was to determine some reproductive parameters in the golden grey mullet (Liza aurata Risso, 1810) during two periods half a decade apart while also trying from limited data to identify changes in fecundity over the past half century. Maturity and fecundity of golden grey mullet caught in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea is not well documented and were thus studied during several seasonal cycles during 2002–2004 to establish basic data on reproduction in the area. The fork length (FL) of 462 sampled fish was between 22.1 and 51.9 cm. The fork length–weight relationship derived from all fish was W = 0.0118FL2.964. Overall male to female ratio was 1 : 1.42. The reproductive season extended from October to December. Fifty percent of sexual maturity was at FL 26.0 cm. Mature gonads were present in 20% of fish at age 3, 63% at age 4, 88% at age 5, and 97% at age 6. Individual absolute fecundity of the golden grey mullet ranged from 113 386 to 1.47 million eggs, with a mean (±SD) of 451 963 (±274,114.2). An overlap exists between the spawning and fishing seasons. Therefore, the start of the fishing season should be delayed for 1 month in order for stocks to complete their spawning.

Maturity and fecundity of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata Risso, 1810) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea

Population ecology parameters and biomass of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea

ies composition, cell abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the southern part of the Caspian Sea were investigated. This survey were fulfilled in 6 transects and 26 stations. A total of 260 samples were collected during winter to autumn in 2005. Totally, 163 species of phytoplankton were identified, including phyla Bacillariophyta (71 species), Chlorophyta (31 species), Cyanophyta (27 species), Pyrrophyta (21 species), and Euglenophyta (13 species). The overall total average of cell abundance and biomass of phytoplankton were 56.30± 30.97 ×10 6 cells/m 3 and 221.70±75.87 mg/m 3 , respectively. Bacillariophyta accounted for 47% in cell abundance and Pyrrophyta consisted of 53% of the phytoplankton biomass. Maximum phytoplankton population was recorded in winter due to Bacillariophyta and the maximum biomass was recorded in spring due to Pyrrophyta. The maximum density of Bacillariophyta was in winter and autumn while maximum biomass was observed in spring due to larger size of Bacillariophyta such as Rhizosolenia calcar avis and Nitzschia sigmoidea followed by Pyrrophyta (Exuviaella cordata) with high cell abundance throughout the year.

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Seasonal and regional distribution of phytoplankton in the southern Caspian Sea

Predicting and modeling of habitat preferences of fish is a very important issue for aquatic management. Classification trees (CTs) were used to predict the habitat preferences of the Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, hereafter kutum) in the southern Caspian Sea. The applied model was optimized with genetic algorithm (GA) and greedy stepwise (GS) to select the most explanatory variables for predicting the presence/absence of kutum. The suitability index was considered to determine the quality and suitability of fish habitat in the sea. The results of Paired Student’s t tests showed that there was a significant difference between predictive performances of models before and after variable selection methods. Both optimizers improved the predictive power of CTs and resulted in a better understanding of CTs by making a selection of the sea characteristics that were used as inputs to the models. The results show that the effect of different seasons, sea depth, and photosyntheticaly active radiation were the main predictors affecting the habitat preferences of kutum in the Caspian Sea. Constructed trees in combination with GA and GS showed high capability when applied to predict the habitat preferences of this valuable commercial fish species. Determining the habitat needs of the target fish will enhance local fisheries performances and the long-term conservation planning of the fish to implement the ecosystem-based management in the Caspian Sea.

Modeling habitat preferences of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum(Kamensky, 1901) (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes) in the Caspian Sea

The invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was first recorded in the Caspian Sea in 1995 in the southern part of the sea (Iranian waters). This study assesses the magnitude of the M. leidyi bioinvasion impacts on the region’s ecosystem using the biopollution level (BPL) index. For this purpose, biomass and distribution range of the invasive ctenophore were analyzed for the period 1996–2010. In addition, the impacts of the IAS on native species, communities, habitats and ecosystem functioning were assessed. The BPL for the period of our study remained relatively stable at the level 4 (massive). The BPLs caused by M. Leidyi in the southern Caspian Sea were compared with those of the Black and Baltic Seas. The method used in this study seems to be applicable for evaluating spatial and temporal variations of the invasive impacts of gelatinous zooplankton in other marine regions.

Hasan Fazli

Papers

Maturity and fecundity of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata Risso, 1810) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea

Population ecology parameters and biomass of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea

Seasonal and regional distribution of phytoplankton in the southern Caspian Sea

Modeling habitat preferences of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum(Kamensky, 1901) (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes) in the Caspian Sea

Strong biopollution in the southern Caspian Sea: the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi case study