Impacts of additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines during steady state operation

A review of petroleum emulsions and recent progress on water-in-crude oil emulsions stabilized by natural surfactants and solids

An overview: Energy saving and pollution reduction by using green fuel blends in diesel engines

A novel emulsion fuel containing aqueous nano cerium oxide additive in diesel–biodiesel blends to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions: Part I – Experimental analysis

Combustion performance and emission analysis of diesel engine fuelled with water-in-diesel emulsion fuel made from low-grade diesel fuel

The need for more efficient energy usage and a less polluted environment are the prominent research areas that are currently being investigated by many researchers worldwide. Water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (W/D) is a promising alternative fuel that could fulfills such requests in that it can improve the combustion efficiency of a diesel engine and reduce harmful exhaust emission, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). To date, there have been many W/D emulsion fuel studies, especially regarding performance, emissions and micro-explosion phenomena. This review paper gathers and discusses the recent advances in emulsion fuel studies in respect of the impact of W/D emulsion fuel on the performance and emission of diesel engines, micro-explosion phenomena especially the factors that affecting the onset and strength of micro-explosion process, and proposed potential research area in W/D emulsion fuel study. There is an inconsistency in the results reported from previous studies especially for the thermal efficiency, brake power, torque and specific fuel consumption. However, it is agreed by most of the studies that W/D does result in an improvement in these measurements when the total amount of diesel fuel in the emulsion is compared with that of the neat diesel fuel. NOx and PM exhaust gas emissions are greatly reduced by using the W/D emulsion fuel. Unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) exhaust emissions are found to be increased by using the W/D emulsion fuel. The inconsistency of the experimental result can be related to the effects of the onset and the strength of the micro-explosion process. The factors that affect these measurements consist of the size of the dispersed water particle, droplet size of the emulsion, water-content in the emulsion, ambient temperature, ambient pressure, type and percentage of surfactant, type of diesel engine and engine operating conditions. Durability testing and developing the fuel production device that requires no/less surfactant are the potential research area that can be explored in future.

An overview of utilizing water-in-diesel emulsion fuel in diesel engine and its potential research study

Performance and emission studies of a common rail turbocharged diesel electric generator fueled with emulsifier free water/diesel emulsion

The study aims to evaluate the performance and emission characteristic in a compression ignition engine of conventional diesel fuel-biodiesel blends with different percentage of fuel additive n-butanol. The experiment was operated at a constant engine load (50% throttle condition) with different engine speed (2700, 3100, 3500 rpm). A blend of biodiesel and diesel fuel known as B20 (20% palm oil methyl ester and 80% diesel in volume) was prepared, and then n-butanol was added to B20 at a volume of 5ml, 10ml and 15ml (denote as B20+Bu5, B20+Bu10 and B20+Bu15, respectively) and the tested fuel samples were compared with diesel fuel and diesel-biodiesel (B20). The experimental results show that when the proportion of n-butanol was increased in B20 blends, kinematic viscosity was larger while calorific value was smaller than those of the neat diesel. Although n-butanol have some negative impacts on engine performance parameters, its generally positively affect exhaust emission parameters compared to diesel fuel. According to engine performance and exhaust emission test result of n-butanol fuel blends with B20 blends, average values of brake thermal efficiency (10.19%, 7.58% and 4.29%), carbon monoxide (21.75%, 17.06% and 11.28%), hydrocarbon (18.51%, 15.68% and 12.13%) are lower, while brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) (27.48%, 45.37% and 59.20%) are higher and carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are comparable than those of diesel fuel.

https://robots.iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1062/1/012021/pdf

Hasannuddin Abdul Kadir

Papers

An overview of utilizing water-in-diesel emulsion fuel in diesel engine and its potential research study

Performance and emission studies of a common rail turbocharged diesel electric generator fueled with emulsifier free water/diesel emulsion

Effect of n-Butanol Blends on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emission of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Palm Oil Methyl Ester (B20)

Utilization of palm acid oil for a diffusion combustion burner as fuel and nitrogen oxides reduction by the thermally decomposed hydrocarbons