Showing papers by "Heather D. Willauer published in 2005"
TL;DR: In this article, a linear free energy relationship based on Abraham's generalized solvation equation has been derived from the solute partitioning data, which allows a direct comparison between the solvent properties of a PEG/dextran ABS and those of traditional solvent/water systems used, for exa...
Abstract: Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran have long been proposed as useful liquid/liquid extraction systems for biological macromolecules. More recently, they have been proposed as useful partitioning systems for molecular characterization in quantitative structure activity relationships. In this context, the distribution ratios of a wide range of organic solutes differing in structure and functionality were measured in a PEG/dextran ABS and the results compared to the corresponding 1-octanol/water partition coefficients. The relative hydrophobicity of the phases was quantified from the free energy of transfer of a methylene group measured for a homologous series of alcohols. A linear free energy relationship based on Abraham's generalized solvation equation has been derived from the solute partitioning data, which allows a direct comparison to be made between the solvent properties of a PEG/dextran ABS and those of traditional solvent/water systems used, for exa...
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it has been suggested that renewable energy sources be considered as replacements or blending stocks for middle distillate ground transportation and marine fuels, and it is vital for the operational considerations of these fuels to investigate the many positives and negatives that this use could prompt.
Abstract: It has been suggested that renewable energy sources be considered as replacements or blending stocks for middle-distillate ground transportation and marine fuels. It is vital for the operational considerations of these fuels to investigate the many positives and negatives that this use could prompt. Unlike air environments, water environments also have a pH factor that has to be considered. Most U.S. Navy shipboard fuel tanks compensate for diminishing fuel by the addition of seawater to the fuel tank. It was found that this practice would lead to fuel instability problems such as filter plugging and potentially other serious engine damage.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a completely automated atomizer for producing aerosols and measuring their mist flammability properties was developed, which is used to evaluate the success of specific chemical additives designed to reduce the ignition of jet fuel aerosols.
Abstract: The flammability characteristics of jet fuel aerosols are significant parameters for the development of fire safe fuels. In our laboratory's efforts to evaluate the success of specific chemical additives designed to reduce the ignition of jet fuel aerosols, we have developed a unique, completely automated atomizer for producing aerosols and measuring their mist flammability properties.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the use of recycled soybean derived fuel liquids was reported, which was derived from recycled restaurant cooking oil with no added antioxidant after reprocessing and compared with stable and unstable middle distillate fuels for storage stability, oxidative stability, solubility, and chemical instability results.
Abstract: It has been proposed that biodiesel liquids be used as blending stocks for middle distillate ground transportation fuels by the Department of Defense. The U.S. Navy is considering allowing up to 20% biodiesel to be added as a blending stock to petroleum diesel fuels. It is important for operational consideration to look at the many problems this could present. Among the more important considerations are storage stability, filterability, fuel solubility, oxidative stability and induced instability reactions. This article reports on the use of recycled soybean derived fuel liquids. The fuel liquid was derived from recycled restaurant cooking oil with no added antioxidant after reprocessing. We compare this biodiesel in blends of both 10% and 20% with stable and unstable middle distillate fuels for storage stability, oxidative stability, solubility, and chemical instability results.
5 citations