Doing Qualitative Research

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol backing the core routing decisions on the Internet. It maintains a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' which designate network reachability among autonomous systems (AS). Point of concern in BGP is its lack of effective security measures which makes Internet vulnerable to different forms of attacks. Many solutions have been proposed till date to combat BGP security issues but not a single one is deployable in practical scenario. Any security proposal with optimal solution should offer adequate security functions, performance overhead and deployment cost. This paper critically analyzes the deployment issues of best three proposals considering trade-off between security functions and performance overhead.

Comparative analysis of

1 Consent: Nuremburg, Helsinki and beyond 2 Information and communication: the drift from agency 3 Informing and communicating: back to agency 4 How to rethink informed consent 5 Informational privacy and data protection 6 Genetic information and genetic exceptionalism 7 Trust, accountability and transparency Some conclusions and proposals

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Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics

The Limits of the Criminal Sanction

The war on terror' has emerged as the principal conflict of our time, where Islamic fanaticism' is identified as the greatest threat to Western liberal democracies. Within the United Kingdom, and beyond, this political discourse has designated Muslims as the new enemy within'--justifying the introduction of counter-terrorist legislation and facilitating the construction of Muslims as a suspect community'. In this paper, we develop Hillyard's (1993) notion of the suspect community' and evidence how Muslims have replaced the Irish as the main focus of the government's security agenda whilst also recognizing that some groups have been specifically targeted for state surveillance. We conclude that the categorization of Muslims as suspect may be serving to undermine national security rather than enhance it.

From the 'Old' to the 'New' Suspect Community: Examining the Impacts of Recent UK Counter-Terrorist Legislation

Concerns have been raised that counter-terrorism laws and policies are increasingly alienating Muslims, especially young people and students, and that counter-terrorism measures may themselves feed and sustain terrorism. This paper relies on extracts from a report on this issue commissioned by the Equality and Human Rights Commission to develop and deepen understanding of the impact of counter-terrorism legislation and policies in general, and on Muslim communities in particular. Building on existing studies, this report contributes to the research and wider public discussion of this matter through an examination of the experiences of counter-terrorism legislation and policies on Muslim communities in four local areas across Britain and interviews with practitioners and officials at a national and local level. The areas focused on relate in particular to various uses of technology to further counter-terror strategies and the reaction to them of those interviewed.

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The impact of counter-terrorism measures on Muslim communities

Part 1: Theories of Rights and their Legal Protection in the UK 1. The Nature of Rights and Liberties 2. The European Convention on Human Rights 3. Methods of Protecting Civil Liberties in the UK: The Bill of Rights Debate 4. The Human Rights Act 1998 Part 2: Expression 5. Restraining Freedom of Expression Under the Law of Contempt 6. Offensive Speech 7. Official Secrecy Access to State Information 8. Freedom of Protest and Assembly Part 3: The Protection of Privacy 9. Protection for Personal Information 10. Powers of the Security and Intelligence Services: State Surveillance - Search and Seizure of Property Part 4: Personal Liberty 11. Freedom from Arbitrary Search, Arrest and Detention: Suspects' Rights in Criminal Investigations 12. Police Questioning: Safeguards for Suspects 13. Redress for Police Malpractice 14. Anti-terrorism Law and Human Rights Part 5: Equality 15. Anti-discrimination Legislation

Civil Liberties and Human Rights

This article examines the impact of the Human Rights Act (HRA) on the current lack of a remedy for non-consensual publication of personal information by the media. It argues that the action for breach of confidence is now ripe for development into a privacy law in all but name and that the normative impetus for this enterprise can be found in the HRA which will require domestic courts to consider Convention jurisprudence. It will suggest that when Strasbourg decisions are examined in the context of more general Convention doctrines, they may be seen to suggest the need for an effective privacy remedy. Drawing upon approaches from other jurisdictions it seeks to demonstrate that principled solutions may be found to the thicket of legal problems associated with such development. It contends that the main objection to this enterprise, the perceived threat to media freedom, is largely misplaced, as analysis at the theoretical and doctrinal levels reveals that speech and privacy interests are in many respects mutually supportive and the areas of conflict small and readily susceptible to resolution.

Breach of Confidence as a Privacy Remedy in the Human Rights Act Era

Media Freedom under the Human Rights Act provides the most comprehensive analysis to date of the impact of Article 10 ECHR, as received through the Human Rights Act 1998, on the substantive law governing freedom of expression in the media.

Fully up to date, the book provides extensive coverage of crucial recent developments in this field; these include: the key cases of Ashworth and Punch in the area of contempt; the ground-breaking privacy decisions in Von Hannover v Germany and Campbell v MGN ; full consideration of theoretical approaches to explicit speech and blasphemy, including a detailed critique of Strasbourg case-law in the area; detailed discussion of the new offence of incitement to religious hatred; the new scheme for content regulation of broadcasting under the Communications Act 2003 in the light of Prolife Alliance ; a full survey of recent domestic and Strasbourg caselaw in the areas of copyright and political defamation, and analysis of the early impact of the Freedom of Information Act.

The authors - both leading academics in the field - have drawn on significant comparative decisions to formulate a coherent and provocative critique of the relationship between media law and freedom of expression, and suggested principles which make a significant contribution to the legal discourse surrounding media freedom in the Human Rights Act era.

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Media freedom under the Human Rights Act

This article argues that resistance to the Human Rights Act has built up in the context of disputes relating to children and that such resistance is founded in the attachment of the courts to the welfare or paramountcy principle as currently conceived-the principle that the child's welfare automatically prevails over the rights of other family members. It argues that the failure to take account of Conven- tion arguments could only be a legitimate stance if there was no conflict between the demands of the welfare principle and those of the Convention guarantees, but that in fact the approach of the European Court of Human Rights differs considerably from that of the UK courts since it seeks to balance the rights of different family members. The article goes on to argue that, taking account of the Strasbourg stance and of the already established domestic recognition of the presumptive equality of competing qualified Convention rights, it is time to accept the adoption of a new model of judicial reasoning in the context of disputes over children-the 'parallel analysis' or 'ultimate balancing act'.

Helen Fenwick

Papers

The impact of counter-terrorism measures on Muslim communities

Civil Liberties and Human Rights

Breach of Confidence as a Privacy Remedy in the Human Rights Act Era

Media freedom under the Human Rights Act

Taking the rights of parents and children seriously : confronting the welfare principle under the Human Rights Act.