Showing papers by "Henry Etzkowitz published in 1988"

The Making of an Entrepreneurial University: The Traffic Among MIT, Industry, and the Military, 1860–1960

Abstract: More than fifty years ago, economic historians John U. Nef and Werner Sombart debated whether military initiatives were the primary impetus for scientific and technological innovation. Sombart argued that war provided a forcing ground for technological advance, while Nef held that peacetime conditions spurred the production of innovations. Nef countered Sombart’s arguments with the observation that many inventions made in peacetime were subsequently put to military use in wartime, giving the appearance that conflict had called forth their development. This theoretical discussion took place in the context of the emergence of Nazi Germany, and Nef’s position represented a humanistic response to the rise of militarism. World War II interrupted the academic debate between Sombart and Nef, leaving it unresolved (1).

The Contradictions of Radical Sociology

Abstract: This article on radical sociology and the fate of radical sociologists at Washington University, St. Louis, was written more than fifteen years ago in 1971-72 for a never published book on the state of academia. I wrote the article to make a political point about the contradictions of radical sociology and as a personal catharsis in my transition from Washington University to the State University of New York at Purchase. When the