Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: what should we breed for?

Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for crop production in many of the world's agricultural areas and its efficient use is important for the economic sustainability of cropping systems Furthermore, the dynamic nature of N and its propensity for loss from soil‐plant systems creates a unique and challenging environment for its efficient management Crop response to applied N and use efficiency are important criteria for evaluating crop N requirements for maximum economic yield Recovery of N in crop plants is usually less than 50% worldwide Low recovery of N in annual crop is associated with its loss by volatilization, leaching, surface runoff, denitrification, and plant canopy Low recovery of N is not only responsible for higher cost of crop production, but also for environmental pollution Hence, improving N use efficiency (NUE) is desirable to improve crop yields, reducing cost of production, and maintaining environmental quality To improve N efficiency in agriculture, integrated N management strategies that take into consideration improved fertilizer along with soil and crop management practices are necessary Including livestock production with cropping offers one of the best opportunities to improve NUE Synchrony of N supply with crop demand is essential in order to ensure adequate quantity of uptake and utilization and optimum yield This paper discusses N dynamics in soil‐plant systems, and outlines management options for enhancing N use by annual crops

Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants

Review of measured crop water productivity values for irrigated wheat, rice, cotton and maize

https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/78844

Deficit irrigation as an on-farm strategy to maximize crop water productivity in dry areas

Irrigation management under water scarcity

The bondage number b(G) of a graph G is the cardinality of a minimum set of edges whose removal from G results in a graph with a domination number greater than that of G. In this paper, we obtain the exact value of the bondage number of the strong product of two paths. That is, for any two positive integers m ⩾ 2 and n ⩾ 2, b(Pm ⊠ Pn) = 7 − r(m) − r(n) if (r(m), r(n)) = (1, 1) or (3, 3), 6 − r(m) − r(n) otherwise, where r(t) is a function of positive integer t, defined as r(t) = 1 if t ≡ 1 (mod 3), r(t) = 2 if t ≡ 2 (mod 3), and r(t) = 3 if t ≡ 0 (mod 3).

Heping Zhang

Papers

Bondage number of strong product of two paths

Degree conditions for graphs to be λ3-optimal and super-λ3

On the anti-Kekulé number of (4,5,6)-fullerenes

Matching preclusion for n-grid graphs

Counting Clar structures of (4, 6)-fullerenes