According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire

The role of personality traits in the decision to start a business and to maintain it successfully is discussed controversially in entrepreneurship research. Our meta-analysis builds upon and extends earlier meta-analyses by doing a full analysis of personality traits that includes a comparison of different traits from a theoretical perspective and by analysing a full set of personality predictors for both start-up activities as well as success. Theoretically, our article adds to the literature by matching traits to the tasks of entrepreneurs. The results indicate that traits matched to the task of running a business produced higher effect sizes with business creation than traits that were not matched to the task of running an enterprise, corrected r = .247, K = 47, N = 13,280, and corrected r = .124, K = 20, N = 3975, respectively. Moreover, traits matched to the task produced higher correlations with success, corrected r = .250, K = 42, N = 5607, than traits not matched to the task of running a business...

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Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success

This review summarizes and critiques the empirical ethical decision-making literature from 1996–2003. One hundred and seventy-four articles were published in top business journals during this period. Tables are included that summarize the findings by dependent variable – awareness, judgment, intent, and behavior. We compare this review with past reviews in order to draw conclusions regarding trends in the ethical decision-making literature and to surface directions for future research.

A Review of The Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996–2003

A set of meta-analyses were conducted to examine the relationship of personality to outcomes associated with two different stages of the entrepreneurial process: entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial performance. A broad range of personality scales were categorized into a parsimonious set of constructs using the Five Factor model of personality. The results show that four of the Big Five personality dimensions were associated with both dependent variables, with agreeableness failing to be associated with either. Multivariate effect sizes were moderate for the full set of Big Five personality variables on entrepreneurial intentions (multiple R = .36) and entrepreneurial performance (multiple R = .31). Risk propensity, included as a separate dimension of personality, was positively associated with entrepreneurial intentions but was not related to entrepreneurial performance. These effects suggest that personality plays a role in the emergence and success of entrepreneurs.

The Relationship of Personality to Entrepreneurial Intentions and Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review

Investigates if entrepreneurial inclination is significantly associated with the following psychological characteristics: need for achievement, locus of control, propensity to take risk, tolerance of ambiguity, self‐confidence and innovativeness. A self‐administered, fixed‐alternative questionnaire is administered to 100 MBA students in Hong Kong, yielding a usable response rate of 54 per cent. χ2 tests of independence show that those who are entrepreneurially inclined and those who are not are homogeneous with respect to demographic and family characteristics. T‐test results and logit analysis indicate that those who are entrepreneurially inclined have greater innovativeness, more tolerance of ambiguity and higher propensity to take risk as compared with those who are not entrepreneurially inclined. The logit model has an overall holdout accuracy rate of 87.4 per cent. Although not statistically significant, descriptive statistics suggest that the entrepreneurially inclined also possess a higher need for achievement, greater (internal) locus of control and more self‐confidence.

Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: A study of Hong Kong MBA students

Data mining has been used intensively and extensively by many organizations. In healthcare, data mining is becoming increasingly popular, if not increasingly essential. Data mining applications can greatly benefit all parties involved in the healthcare industry. For example, data mining can help healthcare insurers detect fraud and abuse, healthcare organizations make customer relationship management decisions, physicians identify effective treatments and best practices, and patients receive better and more affordable healthcare services. The huge amounts of data generated by healthcare transactions are too complex and voluminous to be processed and analyzed by traditional methods. Data mining provides the methodology and technology to transform these mounds of data into useful information for decision making. This article explores data mining applications in healthcare. In particular, it discusses data mining and its applications within healthcare in major areas such as the evaluation of treatment effectiveness, management of healthcare, customer relationship management, and the detection of fraud and abuse. It also gives an illustrative example of a healthcare data mining application involving the identification of risk factors associated with the onset of diabetes. Finally, the article highlights the limitations of data mining and discusses some future directions.

Data mining applications in healthcare.

Based on a survey of 237 managers in Singapore, three measures of organizational ethics (namely, top management support for ethical behavior, the organization's ethical climate, and the association between ethical behavior and career success) are found to be associated with job satisfaction. The link between organizational ethics and job satisfaction is argued from Viswesvaran et al.'s (1998) organizational justice and cognitive dissonance theories. The findings imply that organizational leaders can favorably influence organizational outcomes by engaging in, supporting and rewarding ethical behavior.

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The Link Between Organizational Ethics and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Managers in Singapore

This study examines the relationship between organisational ethics and organisational outcomes based on the justice theory and cognitive dissonance theory. The sample data are derived from a questionnaire survey of 237 managers in Singapore. Results obtained from decision trees indicate significant and positive links between ethical culture constructs (i.e. top management support for ethical behaviour and the association between ethical behaviour and career success within the organisation) and job satisfaction. Further, there is a significant and positive link between job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Also, for different levels of job satisfaction, particular aspects of organisational ethics are associated with organisational commitment. The results suggest that organisational leaders can use organisational ethics as a means to generate favourable organisational outcomes.

Organisational ethics and employee satisfaction and commitment

The long‐term survival of a business is dependent upon meeting market needs through a long‐term value creation process. Traditional performance measurement systems have been criticized as being too narrowly focused on financial figures and functional level performance such that they often fail to capture organizational long‐term business success. In contrast, the balanced scorecard calls on managers to first make a commitment to introduce an array of measures or scorecards that will guide their decisions away from the narrowly focused financial measures. These scorecards, in turn, serve as dials on a dashboard and guide businesses into greater profitability as managers position themselves to better serve their employees, customers, and shareholders at large. Using information collected from 83 electronics companies located within the USA, results from the study provide support for the balanced scorecard. Specifically, findings show that manufacturing plants that have strategically linked their corporate goals or objectives to their performance measurement systems, via the scorecard, performed better than those that do not.

Hian Chye Koh

Papers

Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: A study of Hong Kong MBA students

Data mining applications in healthcare.

The Link Between Organizational Ethics and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Managers in Singapore

Organisational ethics and employee satisfaction and commitment

Balanced scorecard: a rising trend in strategic performance measurement