A communication infrastructure is an essential part to the success of the emerging smart grid. A scalable and pervasive communication infrastructure is crucial in both construction and operation of a smart grid. In this paper, we present the background and motivation of communication infrastructures in smart grid systems. We also summarize major requirements that smart grid communications must meet. From the experience of several industrial trials on smart grid with communication infrastructures, we expect that the traditional carbon fuel based power plants can cooperate with emerging distributed renewable energy such as wind, solar, etc, to reduce the carbon fuel consumption and consequent green house gas such as carbon dioxide emission. The consumers can minimize their expense on energy by adjusting their intelligent home appliance operations to avoid the peak hours and utilize the renewable energy instead. We further explore the challenges for a communication infrastructure as the part of a complex smart grid system. Since a smart grid system might have over millions of consumers and devices, the demand of its reliability and security is extremely critical. Through a communication infrastructure, a smart grid can improve power reliability and quality to eliminate electricity blackout. Security is a challenging issue since the on-going smart grid systems facing increasing vulnerabilities as more and more automation, remote monitoring/controlling and supervision entities are interconnected.

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1315&context=electricalengineeringfacpub

A Survey on Smart Grid CommunicationInfrastructures: Motivations, Requirements andChallenges

A recurrent neural network based health indicator for remaining useful life prediction of bearings

Electrifying transportation is a promising approach to alleviate the climate change issue. The adoption of electric vehicle into market has introduced significant impacts on various fields, especially the power grid. Various policies have been implemented to foster the electric vehicle deployment and the increasing trend of electric vehicle adoption in the recent years has been satisfying. The continual development of electric vehicle power train, battery and charger technologies have further improved the electric vehicle technologies for wider uptake. Despite the environmental and economical benefits, electric vehicles charging introduce negative impacts on the existing network operation. Appropriate charging management strategies can be implemented to cater for this issue. Furthermore, electric vehicle integration in the smart grid can bring many potential opportunities, especially from the perspective of vehicle-to-grid technology and as the solution for the renewable energy intermittency issue. This paper reviews the latest development in electric vehicle technologies, impacts of electric vehicle roll out and opportunities brought by electric vehicle deployment.

A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects

This paper reviews state of the art maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for wind energy systems. Due to the instantaneous changing nature of the wind, it is desirable to determine the one optimal generator speed that ensures maximum energy yield. Therefore, it is essential to include a controller that can track the maximum peak regardless of wind speed. The available MPPT algorithms can be classified as either with or without sensors, as well as according to the techniques used to locate the maximum peak. A comparison has been made between the performance of different MPPT algorithms on the basis of various speed responses and ability to achieve the maximum energy yield. Based on simulation results available in the literature, the optimal torque control (OTC) has been found to be the best MPPT method for wind energy systems due to its simplicity. On the other hand, the perturbation and observation (P&O) method is flexible and simple in implementation, but is less efficient and has difficulties determining the optimum step-size.

A review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for wind energy systems

Impedance networks cover the entire of electric power conversion from dc (converter, rectifier), ac (inverter), to phase and frequency conversion (ac-ac) in a wide range of applications. Various converter topologies have been reported in the literature to overcome the limitations and problems of the traditional voltage source, current source as well as various classical buck-boost, unidirectional, and bidirectional converter topologies. Proper implementation of the impedance-source network with appropriate switching configurations and topologies reduces the number of power conversion stages in the system power chain, which may improve the reliability and performance of the power system. The first part of this paper provides a comprehensive review of the various impedance-source-networks-based power converters and discusses the main topologies from an application point of view. This review paper is the first of its kind with the aim of providing a “one-stop” information source and a selection guide on impedance-source networks for power conversion for researchers, designers, and application engineers. A comprehensive review of various modeling, control, and modulation techniques for the impedance-source converters/inverters will be presented in Part II.

Impedance-Source Networks for Electric Power Conversion Part I: A Topological Review

Since the input filters characteristics design for matrix converter system: to reduce the high harmonic components at the main power supply current and to improve the input voltage distortion for matrix converter, the unity power factor at the main power supply side is only achieved at the high output load and decreases greatly at the light load conditions. This paper proposes a new direct space vector modulation (DSVM) method to achieve the required displacement angle between input voltage and input current of matrix converter. Firstly, this proposed DSVM method introduces new switching patterns for the controllable input power factor of matrix converter and secondly, the power factor compensation method is then suggested. Simulation results with inductive load (RL) and 5-HP induction motor are shown to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

New direct-SVM method for matrix converter with main input power factor compensation

This paper introduces a technique for diagnosing mechanical faults of induction motors by using support vector machine (SVM) and genetic algorithm (GA). Features are extracted from the vibration time signals and selected by using GA with a distance evaluation fitness function. All SVM parameters are also obtained simultaneously by the same GA. The SVM is studied with two types of kernel functions, the radial basis function and the polynomial function. Four motor conditions are investigated with the chosen SVM classifiers. The classification results have high accuracy for the chosen feature set and SVM parameters.

An Application of Support Vector Machines for Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis with Using Genetic Algorithm

In PV systems grid-connected, we always have to work with power electronics modules. For safety, any design of power electronics converter should be simulated carefully in order to prevent from serious damages from high voltage, high current which can cause fire, explosion. By using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation, we could make sure the converter would operate the right way, which is not always achieve on the real hardware design when the first attempt, so that we can reduce ricks and furthermore reduce product development time and cost. After success on simulation, it will be not much complex to implement the algorithm to the real hardware. This paper presents the process for designing the HERIC inverter by using PSIM software which can be simulate and generate the project code for implement to the floating point DSP: TMS320F28335. The HERIC (Highly Ef??cient and Reliable Inverter Concept) inverter is used in the design because of its advantages: high efficiency and safety by reducing the leakage ground current when the inverter is connected to the national grid without using a transformer. The algorithm was executed by the chip TMS320F28335 high performance up to 150MHz with a math-optimized core. The process produced in this paper can be applied for any design idea about a high power, high efficiency power electronics converter.

Design of HERIC inverter for PV systems by using hardware in the loop (HIL) concept

This paper presents and analyses a new dynamic adaptive space vector PWM algorithm for four-switch three-phase inverters (FSTPI) fed induction motor under DC-link voltage ripple By using reasonable mathematical transform, Space Vector PWM technique for FSTPI under DC-link voltage imbalance or ripples has been proposed, which is based on the establishment of basic space vectors and modulation technique in similarity with six-switch three-phase inverters This approach has a very important sense to solve hard problems for FSTPI under DC-link voltage imbalance, for example ensuring the required voltage for under modulation mode and over modulation mode 1 and 2, extended to six-step mode The compensated technique also allows reduce the size of DC-link capacitors and the cost of the inverter Matlab/Simulink is used for the simulation of the proposed SVPWM algorithm under DC-link voltage ripple This SVPWM approach is also validated experimentally using DSP TMS320LF2407a in FSTPI-IM system The effectiveness of this adaptive SVPWM method and the output quality of the inverter are verified

Dynamic adaptive space vector PWM for four switch three phase inverter fed induction motor with compensation of DC - link voltage ripple

This paper presents an alternative direct space vector modulation (DSVM) method of matrix converter for a voltage transfer ratio less than 0.5. The principles of selecting suitable switching configurations based on a new sectors definition are described. Switching table for the alternative DSVM method is developed with the controllable input power factor. There are some advantages of the alternative DSVM method which are deeply considered as compared to the conventional DSVM method: lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of line-to-line output voltage and peak value of common-mode voltage reduced by 42%. Low switching loss is reduced considerably by a minimum number of switching commutations. Simulation and experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed DSVM method.

Hong-Hee Lee

Papers

New direct-SVM method for matrix converter with main input power factor compensation

An Application of Support Vector Machines for Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis with Using Genetic Algorithm

Design of HERIC inverter for PV systems by using hardware in the loop (HIL) concept

Dynamic adaptive space vector PWM for four switch three phase inverter fed induction motor with compensation of DC - link voltage ripple

An investigation on direct space vector modulation methods for matrix converter