A communication infrastructure is an essential part to the success of the emerging smart grid. A scalable and pervasive communication infrastructure is crucial in both construction and operation of a smart grid. In this paper, we present the background and motivation of communication infrastructures in smart grid systems. We also summarize major requirements that smart grid communications must meet. From the experience of several industrial trials on smart grid with communication infrastructures, we expect that the traditional carbon fuel based power plants can cooperate with emerging distributed renewable energy such as wind, solar, etc, to reduce the carbon fuel consumption and consequent green house gas such as carbon dioxide emission. The consumers can minimize their expense on energy by adjusting their intelligent home appliance operations to avoid the peak hours and utilize the renewable energy instead. We further explore the challenges for a communication infrastructure as the part of a complex smart grid system. Since a smart grid system might have over millions of consumers and devices, the demand of its reliability and security is extremely critical. Through a communication infrastructure, a smart grid can improve power reliability and quality to eliminate electricity blackout. Security is a challenging issue since the on-going smart grid systems facing increasing vulnerabilities as more and more automation, remote monitoring/controlling and supervision entities are interconnected.

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1315&context=electricalengineeringfacpub

A Survey on Smart Grid CommunicationInfrastructures: Motivations, Requirements andChallenges

A recurrent neural network based health indicator for remaining useful life prediction of bearings

Electrifying transportation is a promising approach to alleviate the climate change issue. The adoption of electric vehicle into market has introduced significant impacts on various fields, especially the power grid. Various policies have been implemented to foster the electric vehicle deployment and the increasing trend of electric vehicle adoption in the recent years has been satisfying. The continual development of electric vehicle power train, battery and charger technologies have further improved the electric vehicle technologies for wider uptake. Despite the environmental and economical benefits, electric vehicles charging introduce negative impacts on the existing network operation. Appropriate charging management strategies can be implemented to cater for this issue. Furthermore, electric vehicle integration in the smart grid can bring many potential opportunities, especially from the perspective of vehicle-to-grid technology and as the solution for the renewable energy intermittency issue. This paper reviews the latest development in electric vehicle technologies, impacts of electric vehicle roll out and opportunities brought by electric vehicle deployment.

A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects

This paper reviews state of the art maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for wind energy systems. Due to the instantaneous changing nature of the wind, it is desirable to determine the one optimal generator speed that ensures maximum energy yield. Therefore, it is essential to include a controller that can track the maximum peak regardless of wind speed. The available MPPT algorithms can be classified as either with or without sensors, as well as according to the techniques used to locate the maximum peak. A comparison has been made between the performance of different MPPT algorithms on the basis of various speed responses and ability to achieve the maximum energy yield. Based on simulation results available in the literature, the optimal torque control (OTC) has been found to be the best MPPT method for wind energy systems due to its simplicity. On the other hand, the perturbation and observation (P&O) method is flexible and simple in implementation, but is less efficient and has difficulties determining the optimum step-size.

A review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for wind energy systems

Impedance networks cover the entire of electric power conversion from dc (converter, rectifier), ac (inverter), to phase and frequency conversion (ac-ac) in a wide range of applications. Various converter topologies have been reported in the literature to overcome the limitations and problems of the traditional voltage source, current source as well as various classical buck-boost, unidirectional, and bidirectional converter topologies. Proper implementation of the impedance-source network with appropriate switching configurations and topologies reduces the number of power conversion stages in the system power chain, which may improve the reliability and performance of the power system. The first part of this paper provides a comprehensive review of the various impedance-source-networks-based power converters and discusses the main topologies from an application point of view. This review paper is the first of its kind with the aim of providing a “one-stop” information source and a selection guide on impedance-source networks for power conversion for researchers, designers, and application engineers. A comprehensive review of various modeling, control, and modulation techniques for the impedance-source converters/inverters will be presented in Part II.

Impedance-Source Networks for Electric Power Conversion Part I: A Topological Review

This paper presents a new space vector modulation (SVM) method for indirect matrix converters (IMCs) to reduce commonmode voltage as well as minimize output current ripple in a high voltage transfer ratio. In the proposed SVM, the three-vector modulation scheme is used in the rectifier stage, while the nonzero state modulation technique, where the three nearest active vectors are selected to synthesize the desired output voltage, is applied to inverter stage to reduce the CMV. The proposed SVM method can significantly reduce the output current ripple and common-mode voltage of the IMC without any extra hardware. Simulated results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SVM method.

A New Reduced Common-mode Voltage SVM Method for Indirect Matrix Converters with Output Current Ripple Minimization

This paper presents a new model predictive current control (MPCC) method in order to reduce common-mode voltage (CMV) for a three-phase voltage source inveter (VSI). By utilizing twenty-one vectors instead of eight vectors used in the conventional MPCC method,the proposed MPCC method can not only reduce the CMV but also improve load current performance. Simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MPCC method.

A Model Predictive Current Control Method for Voltage Source Inverters to Reduce Common-Mode Voltage with Improved Load Current Performance

IEC61850 communication standard for digital substation automation creates a new way to think about conventional protection scheme and configuration of substation. The presence of communication link in process bus makes a revolutionary change for future digital substation. This paper discusses briefly about process bus architecture and presents a new approach of thinking in busbar structure to make the bus protection less sensitive with communication link performance degradation. IEC61850-9-2LE implementation is analyzed and process bus based on Ethernet technology is considered. Transient element based conventional bus differential protection is used with split busbar configuration and finally demonstrates the reliability and feasibility of proposed technique for digital substation.

A comprehensive study on IEC61850 process bus architecture and spit bus based differential protection

DC-DC converter is widely used in industrial applications with the aid of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller is commonly used because of its simple, efficiency and small steady state error. However, DC-DC converter is mainly nonlinear system due to its inherent switching operation, which makes the PID parameters very difficult to be found. In this paper, an intelligent PID controller based on a hybrid combination with the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed to control DC-DC converter. The proposed fuzzy based PID controller (FPIDC) is a close-loop control of the nonlinear PID parameters by measuring output voltage of the DC-DC converter, and it is designed effectively to reduce computation burden. By tuning the PID parameters continuously according to the load condition, the performance of the DC-DC converter is improved much better. The comparison between the proposed and conventional PID control method are investigated under various operating conditions. Simulation results and model analysis are carried in MATLAB/SIMULINK to prove the effectiveness of the proposed FPIDC method.

Hong-Hee Lee

Papers

A New Reduced Common-mode Voltage SVM Method for Indirect Matrix Converters with Output Current Ripple Minimization

A Model Predictive Current Control Method for Voltage Source Inverters to Reduce Common-Mode Voltage with Improved Load Current Performance

A comprehensive study on IEC61850 process bus architecture and spit bus based differential protection

Adaptive Control of DC-DC Converter Based on Hybrid Fuzzy PID Controller

Enhanced distributed secondary control method for DC microgrids against heterogeneous communication time delays