Introduction to Nanoparticle Film Formation by Electrophoresis.- Electrophoretic Aggregation and Manipulation of Nanomaterials.- Dielectrophoretic 1D & 2D Manipulation and/or Trapping.- Dielectrophoresis of Nanomaterials in Microfluidics and Nanofluidics.- Theory and Modeling of Electrophoretic Deposition of Nanomaterials.- Electrophoretic Deposition of Luminescent Nanomaterials.- Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes.- Electrophoretic Deposition of Nanomaterials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications.- Electrophoretic Deposition of Nano-ceramics for Electronics Applications.- Electrophoretic Deposition of Nano-ceramics for Biological Applications.- Electrophoretic Deposition of Metallic Nanowires, Nanotubes, and Nanorods.- Electrophoretic Deposition of Conducting Nanopolymers.- Industrial Applications and Procedures of Nanoparticle Electrophoretic Deposition.- Conclusions and Trajectories for the Future.

Electrophoretic deposition of nanomaterials

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is gaining increasing interest as a processing technique for production of novel inorganic nanostructured and nanoscale materials, including the use of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods and related nanomaterials. Recent advances in the electrophoretic deposition of a great variety of ceramic and metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and other inorganic nanoscaled materials are discussed in this review. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the utility of an applied electric field to manipulate and control the deposition of electrically charged nanoscaled particles and other nanostructures on solid surfaces from liquid suspensions. A wide range of applications has been reviewed, demonstrating the high versatility and suitability of the EPD technique as a convenient nanotechnology processing tool. Nano-enamels and structural coatings, electrodes and films for fuel cells, capacitors, sensors and other microelectronic devices, fibre-reinforced and graded ceramic composites, nanostructured films and coatings for electronic, biomedical, optical, catalytic and electrochemical applications are some of the examples discussed. The combination of sol-gel methods and EPD for production of a variety of nanomaterials is also reviewed.

The electrophoretic deposition of inorganic nanoscaled materials : A review

The rotating cylinder electrode for studies of corrosion engineering and protection of metals—An illustrated review

Purely inorganic coatings based on nanoparticles for magnesium alloys

Inorganic nanoparticle based coatings for magnesium alloys were developed and tested for their performance in corrosion protection. Nanoparticles are characterised by a high sintering activity. This allows to obtain inorganic coatings by a sintering process at rather low temperatures which is suitable for magnesium alloys. Coating sols are based on silicon dioxide and sintering additives such as boron or sodium oxide. One technique is based on aqueous, commercial nanosols which can be applied by dip or brush coating to form layers on AZ31 and AZ91. Another technique is based on the electrophoretic deposition of silicon dioxide nanoparticles which also contain boron and phosphorus oxide. Crack free layers with a thickness of up to several micrometres could be obtained by a two step process including a bimodal particle distribution and polydiethoxysiloxane as adhesion promoter. The composition and surface structure of these novel coatings are characterised by modern analytical methods including SEM and atomic force microscopy and their applicability as protective coatings is investigated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

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Nanoparticle based inorganic coatings for corrosion protection of magnesium alloys

Nanoparticles and nanostructured films have gained an increasing interest for industrial application in the last years. Based on chemical nanotechnology glass-like protective coatings thermally processed at comparatively lower temperatures around 500°C were developed for metal substrates by two different ways. Starting from polymeric sols (suspension consisting of branched macromolecules) containing multicomponent oxide of the SiO2-B2O3-P2O5-Na2O system produced by hydrolysis and polycondensation of an alkoxide mixture under acidic condition, thin, hard, transparent, crack-free and corrosion resistant coatings could be applied to aluminium and steel. Coatings from particulate sols (suspension consisting of solid particles) containing multicomponent oxide synthesized under basic condition by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) proved to be a promising method when very thick coatings are required. Both routes offer the potential of a new type of purely inorganic coatings for corrosion and abrasion protection.



Nano-Email: ein neuer Weg zur Erzeugung glasartiger Schutzschichten fur Metalle



In jungerer Zeit haben nanotechnologisch basierte Herstellungsverfahren fur Oberflachenschutzschichten zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden solche Schichten auf zwei Wegen erzeugt, wobei in beiden Fallen eine thermische Nachbehandlung bei vergleichsweise niedrigen Temperaturen um 500°C zur thermischen Verdichtung und Uberfuhrung in eine rein anorganische Schicht durchgefuhrt wurde. Im ersten Fall wurde mit Polymer-Solen gestartet, die durch Hydrolyse und Polykondensation von Alkoxiden unter saurer Katalyse hergestellte Multikomponentenoxide des Systems SiO2-B2O3-P2O5-Na2O enthalten. Auf diese Weise konnten dunne, harte, transparente, risfreie und korrosionsbestandige Schichten auf Aluminium und Stahl aufgebracht werden. Im zweiten Fall wurden Sole mit festen Multikomponenten-Nanopartikeln verwendet, die sol-gel-technisch unter basischer Katalyse synthetisiert wurden. Schichten wurden mit Hilfe der elektrophoretischen Abscheidung auf Metallsubstrate aufgebracht. Diese Methode war besonders fur die Aufbringung dicker Schichten geeignet. Beide Methoden besitzen das Potential fur die Entwicklung neuartiger Schutzschichten gegen Korrosion und Abrasion.

Nano-enamel: a new way to produce glass-like protective coatings for metals

Based on chemical nanotechnology glass-like protective coatings thermally processed at comparatively low temperatures of around 500 °C were developed for aluminium and steel substrates by two different means. Starting from polymeric sols containing a multicomponent oxide of the SiO2 – B2O3 – P2O5 – Na2O system produced by sol-gel technology under acidic conditions, coatings were developed which are thin, hard, transparent, crack-free and corrosion resistant. Electrophoretic deposition of coatings from particulate sols containing multicomponent oxide synthesised under basic conditions proved to be a promising method when very thick coatings are required. Both routes offer the potential of a new type of purely inorganic coatings for corrosion and abrasion protection.

Hong-Quang Nguyen

Papers

Nano-enamel: a new way to produce glass-like protective coatings for metals

Novel corrosion protective coatings for aluminium alloys and steels based on oxidic nanoparticles