Complexity of sales effort and carbon emission reduction effort in a two-parallel household appliance supply chain model

A time-based pricing game in a competitive vehicle market regarding the intervention of carbon emission reduction

This paper incorporates the retailer’s altruistic behavior into the low-carbon supply chain considering consumers’ low-carbon preference and establishes the Stackelberg game model and the vertical Nash game model from the perspectives of a static game and a dynamic game, respectively. First, the static analytical solutions of two models are obtained. Second, we explore the impacts of the retailer’s preference for altruism, consumers’ low-carbon preference and decision parameters on the complex nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the two models. The results show that the retailer’s altruistic behavior and consumers’ low-carbon preference narrow the stability region of the system. In the two game models, the retailer’s altruistic behavior always benefits the manufacture, but it is not good for the retailer; it is either beneficial to or not conducive for the whole supply chain. It is easier to make the system lose stability by accelerating the price adjustment parameter than by adjusting the carbon emission rate parameter. The higher adjustment parameter is even worse for the leader (the manufacturer) in the Stackelberg game, while in the vertical Nash game it is worse for the retailer. In addition, in the dynamic Stackelberg game, we are very surprised to find that a moderate consumer low-carbon preference is beneficial, but an excessive consumer low-carbon preference is not conducive to decision makers.

Study of game models and the complex dynamics of a low-carbon supply chain with an altruistic retailer under consumers’ low-carbon preference

Incentive mechanisms in a green supply chain under demand uncertainty

Encouraging the adoption and diffusion of low-carbon agricultural technology innovation is an important measure to cope with climate change, reduce environmental pollution, and achieve sustainable agricultural development. Based on evolutionary game theory, this paper establishes a game model among agricultural enterprises, government, and farmers and analyzes the dynamic evolutionary process and evolutionary stable strategies of the major stakeholders. The impact of innovation subsidies, carbon taxes, and adoption subsidies on low-carbon agricultural innovation diffusion is simulated using Matlab software. The results show that the government’s reasonable subsidies and carbon taxes for agricultural enterprises and farmers can increase the enthusiasm of agricultural enterprises and farmers to participate in low-carbon agriculture. This study can be used as a basis for the government to formulate more targeted policies to promote the diffusion of low-carbon agricultural innovation.

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The Evolutionary Game Analysis of Multiple Stakeholders in the Low-Carbon Agricultural Innovation Diffusion

Implications of stochastic demand and manufacturers’ operational mode on retailer's mixed bundling strategy and its complexity analysis

This paper analyses the choice of subsidy offered to a vaccine supply chain with a risk-averse buyer. We find that for a higher innovation effort and level of social benefits, the per-unit production subsidy is better when there is a low innovation cost coefficient, a low level of risk aversion, or a high potential demand. Otherwise, under the opposite conditions, the R&D innovation effort subsidy should be selected. Furthermore, from an evolutionary game theoretical perspective, we also present the stability performance for the subsidies, and the results show that when the manufacturer’s innovation cost coefficient is relatively low, the more profitable per-unit production subsidy may be abandoned due to its performance instability.

Implications of government subsidy on the vaccine product R&D when the buyer is risk averse.

Many small manufacturing factories suffer insufficient environment-friendly capacity after eliminating the outdated and environmental-harmful production capacity according to stringent environmental rules and regulations. This paper analyzes two strategies that the manufacturer with limited environment-friendly capacity may take to tackle this problem, i.e., investing in building environment-friendly capacities and collaborating with the manufacturer with sufficient environment-friendly capacity in capacity sharing. In a supply chain with two competing manufacturers, this paper builds game-theoretical models and investigates equilibrium solutions under three scenarios (no capacity investment or sharing, capacity investment, and capacity sharing). Then this research investigates the feasible regions of these two strategies and compares the performance of each manufacturer under each scenario. The findings show that both capacity investment and capacity sharing can effectively reduce the profit loss of the manufacturer with limited capacity, while only capacity sharing benefits both manufacturers. The feasibility of these two strategies depends on the initial capacity volume and the capacity investment cost coefficient of the manufacturer with limited capacity. Moreover, the preference of the manufacturer with limited capacity for each strategy depends on the capacity investment cost coefficient. When the capacity investment cost coefficient is relatively high, the win-win situation exists for supply chain members. Furthermore, with the use of chaos theory, the paper shows how to adjust the capacity investment in each period to keep the system stable.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/16/5790/pdf

Hongshuai Han

Papers

Implications of stochastic demand and manufacturers’ operational mode on retailer's mixed bundling strategy and its complexity analysis

Implications of government subsidy on the vaccine product R&D when the buyer is risk averse.

Capacity Sharing and Capacity Investment of Environment-Friendly Manufacturing: Strategy Selection and Performance Analysis.