A cover part which is located within the beam path of a radar and is composed of plastic with subregions which are composed of metal and are visible from the outside is not intended to influence the function of the radar. To this end, such a cover part is designed as follows: the plastic path has a multilayer construction, the subregions composed of metal are formed by an extremely thin layer which is vapour-deposited onto one of the layers, which acts as a substrate, the subregions composed of metal are covered by a transparent layer towards the surface side from which they are intended to appear to be visible from the outside, or are vapour-deposited onto this layer.

Cover part located within the beam path of a radar

An intraocular lens insertion device and a cartridge which enable the intraocular lens to be inserted into an eye more stably and easily than ever before. A supporting portion 102 of an intraocular lens 100 arranged on a lens-advancing side in a lens-advancing direction x is pressed against a protrusion 21 so as to be bent backward. Thus, releasing the intraocular lens 100 from a nozzle portion 13 is allowed to begin with the releasing of a curved portion of the supporting portion 102 that has become U-shaped and hard to move freely. As a result, there can be provided an intraocular lens insertion device and a cartridge which enable the intraocular lens 100 to be inserted into an eye more steadily and easily than ever before.

Intraocular lens inserting instrument and cartridge

The invention concerns a machine for the chip-forming machining and the measurement of gears and screw-type workpieces. Arranged on a swivel head ( 6 ) swivellable about an axis (A) at right angles to the rotary axis of the workpiece ( 4 ) are functional units ( 8 a , 8 b , 8 c , 8 d ) with machining and measuring tools ( 10, 12, 14, 15, 17 ) which are displaceable radially and parallel relative to the swivel axis (A), which said tools can be brought consecutively into engagement with the workpiece ( 4 ), thus making possible the application of different tools ( 10, 12, 14, 15, 17 ) and machining techniques in the same work set-up without colliding. The work spindle ( 1 ) is driven by electric motor either directly or via a gear unit.

Gear tooth and thread grinding machine

Disclosed is a method of fabricating a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor. In this method, a dielectric layer is formed above a lower conductor layer and an upper conductor layer is formed above the dielectric layer. The invention then forms an etch stop layer above the upper conductor layer and the dielectric layer, and forms a hardmask (silicon oxide hardmask, a silicon nitride hardmask, etc.) over the etch stop layer. Next, a photoresist is patterned above the hardmask, which allows the hardmask, the etch stop layer, the dielectric layer, and the lower conductor layer to be etched through the photoresist.

Formation of metal-insulator-metal capacitor simultaneously with aluminum metal wiring level using a hardmask

The invention relates to a grinding method and to a cylindrical grinding machine, in which a sintered hard metal round rod is completely pushed through a chuck of a workpiece spindle head, said chuck having chuck jaws. Two backrest seats are ground on the freely projecting end area of the round rod, and two backrests are then placed on the round rod in directions. The resulting secure support of the end area enables a front cone to be ground with a high level of precision with regard to the concentricity at the end of the round rod facing the quill of a tailstock. A multiple grinding wheel, which is comprised of two differently designed individual wheels that directly rest against one another in an axial manner, serves to grind the front cone and is advanced toward the round rod in the X-direction. The multiple grinding wheel is mounted in a grinding spindle. The individual wheels have different grinding areas. After the front cone has been ground, it is lodged in a hollow punch at the front end of the quill, whereby the quill is displaced toward the front cone in the direction of arrow. The end area of the round rod is hereby optimally fixed at both ends without the first fixing of the chuck having to be released. In this state, the desired cylindrical grinding final contour of the end area can be produced by cylindrical grinding. This procedure is particularly advantageous for producing hard metal tools. By working the rod with a single chucking, machining can be carried out both economically and without the risk of radial deviations. The different individual wheels of the multiple grinding wheel can serve additional different grinding tasks. When the end area has reached the desired concentric final contour, it is cut off from the round rod by the individual wheel.

Cylindrical grinding method for producing hard metal tools and cylindrical grinding machine for grinding cylindrical starting bodies during the production of hard metal tools

The device has a work-piece spindle (3) that can be shifted parallel to the spindle axis (C'). On it, in addition to the work-piece toothed wheel, at least one toothed dressing wheel is mounted on which the globoid grinding worm (10) is periodically dressed. On a tool-changer (12), a toothed honing wheel (18) is lodged rotatably on an additional arm (16); with it, the work-piece toothed wheel is honed after grinding. The toothed honing wheel (18) is dressed on the same or a second toothed dressing wheel. The device makes possible an efficient fine machining of toothed wheels.

Method and device for the fine machining of spur or helical gear wheels

After the workpiece such as spur-wheel gear (26) has been polished, the grinding worm (10) is brought out of engagement with the workpiece. A honing gearwheel (18) is brought into engagement with the workpiece in the same step and at the same pressure. The honing gearwheel is aligned with the same or a second trueing gearwheel clamped coaxially on the workpiece spindle (3). The externally toothed rotary mounted honing gearwheel which can be set up radially to a first axis is offset at an angle about this axis (C') and can be trued with the first trueing gearwheel (17) or a second trueing gearwheel.

Precision finishing process for spur wheel gear clamped on workpiece spindle

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and device for enabling reasonable precision machining of gears. SOLUTION: A device concerned includes a work spindle 3 capable of shifting parallel with the axis C'. On the work spindle, at least one dressing whetstone gear is mounted besides a work to be processed into a gear, and a griding worm 10 having hourglass shape undergoes dressing periodically on the dressing whetstone gear. On a work replacing device 12, a honing whetstone gear 18 is supported rotatably on an additional arm 16, and thereby the work gear is ground and hone finished. The honing whetstone gear 18 undergoes dressing by the same dressing whetstone gear or a second dressing whestone gear. This device enables reasonable precision machining of gears.

Horst Stollberg

Papers

Method and device for the fine machining of spur or helical gear wheels

Precision finishing process for spur wheel gear clamped on workpiece spindle

Method and device for precision machining of flat gear