Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens with high mortality rates. Organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa have the ability to develop high level MDR (Multi drug resistance). The MexAB-OprM system is one of the largest multi-drug resistant efflux pumps with high levels of expression and the first finding of the RND (Resistance-nodulation-division) family in P. aeruginosa. Aim: For better understanding of the antibiotic resistance mechanism in P. aeruginosa, this study was conducted to determine the expression of the genes encoding these efflux pumps in 100 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to various hospitals in Hamadan using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Methods: This study examined 100 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to various hospitals in Hamadan. Then, 31 samples were selected based on collected specimen type and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern; i.e., the samples with reduced susceptibility to antibiotics, particularly carbapenems. Antibiotic disk diffusion method was performed for aminoglycoside, quinolone and carbape-nem. Furthermore, MIC method was performed for ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and imipenem. Finally, qRT-PCR was used for determining the efflux pump genes expression. Results: Among eight selected antibiotics, the greatest resistance was to levofloxacin (61.2, n = 19) and the lowest one to imipenem (9.6, n = 3). All isolates (100, n = 31) exhibited efflux pump MexAB-OprM genes but different expression was observed in different strains. The result of gene expression indicated that significant differences in expression of MexR (P value = 0.003), OprD (P value < 0.001), and MexB (P value = 0.026) genes. In addition, there was high level of MexR gene expression in bacteria that leads to reduced expression of MexA, MexB, and OprM. The OprD gene was presented in all strains but different expression has been observed. Conclusion: Identifying the bacterial resistance mechanisms is very complicated. Although efflux pump MexAB-OprM plays an important role in antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa, because of acting the efflux pumps on antibiotics in a non-specific manner, it is elusive to consider or describe an antibiotic resistance based on the presence or absence of an efflux pump. © 2015, Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran. All rights reserved.

Expression of Efflux Pump MexAB-OprM and OprD of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples using qRT-PCR

Background: Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as one of the most important pathogens commonly implicated in nosocomial
infections, has been increased in recent years, moreover the presence of integrons and the associated resistance gene cassettes is well
established.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to ascertain the presence and spread of class 1 integrons amongst environmental isolates of P.
aeruginosa from Intensive Care Unit (ICU) as well as its association with drug resistance.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 33 P. aeruginosa, isolated from different places and devices used in ICU at
Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, north of Iran, from 2008 to 2009. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles and minimum inhibitory concentration
against 12 antibacterial agents were performed by micro dilution and disk diffusion methods. The detection of class 1 integron was performed by the
PCR method. The demographic and microbiological data between the integron positive and negative isolates were compared with SPSS software.
Results: Thirteen of 33 (39.4%) of P. aeruginosa had intl gene, among which 24.2% were characterized as multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa
(MDRPA) on the other hand, 15.2% showed intermediate or complete sensitivity . No significant differences were seen between the presence
of integron gene and resistance to the antibiotics except for ofloxacin. Most resistance was observed in cefepime (100%) and the lowest to
ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (42.5%).
Conclusions: The result of this study showed a high prevalence of class 1 integron gene in most P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different
parts of the environment and equipment used in ICU. The role of these transferable genetic agents has been proven in the creation of
resistance. So, the environmental bacteria represent a reservoir for dissemination of clinically relevant multidrug-resistant antibiotics and
should be taken under control to reduce the appearance or distribution of these antibiotic resistant agents.

/pdf/class-1-integron-in-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-isolates-from-256hgfplt0.pdf

Class 1 Integron in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates From Different Places and Devices of ICU in Babol, Iran

Background & objectives: Wound infection is a predominant cause of death in burned patients who are clearly at increased risk of nosocomia l infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosais the most common cause of burn infections and is difficult to treat because of having high level of resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to perform isolation, identification and determination of antibiotics resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from wounds of hospitalized burn patient. Methods: Biochemical and molecular tests were used for identification of the P. aeruginosa and antibacterial susceptibility test was performed using disk d iffusion (Kirby- Bauer) methods. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed for four representatives of different groups of antibiotics. Results: Among 94 evaluated strains of P. aeruginosa, 83 isolates (88.3%) were multi drugs resistant. Based on Kirby-Bauer method, the most resistance was seen to cefepime (89.5 %) and among the antibiotics studied to determine the MIC, the most resistance was observed to ciprofloxacin (89 %). Conclusion: These results indicate high range of resistanc e to different antibiotics among strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds of patients. So, the fast and accurate measurement and evaluation of antibiotic resistance for appropriate antibiotic therapy of burned patients is imperative.

Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Patients with Burn Wounds

База данных Госгеолкарт создается во ФГУП ВСЕГЕИ с 2009 года. При создании концептуальной и логической модели базы данных использовались разработки геологических служб США, Канады, Австралии. В настоящее время в БД сформирован массив данных по цифровым материалам Госгеолкарт и легендам серий листов. Для доступа к БД и обеспечения возможности международной интеграции используются рекомендации и стандарты Международного союза геологических наук и Открытого геопространственного консорциума такие как GeoSciML, WMS, WFS. В 2012 г. выполнена интеграция геологических карт масштаба 1:1 000 000 в международный проект OneGeology. В настоящее время специалистами ФГУП ВСЕГЕИ ведется работа по увязке российской терминологической основы с англоязычным вариантом, разрабатываемым Рабочей группой по геологической терминологии (GTWG) под эгидой Комиссии по геологической информации Международного союза геологических наук и используемым в GeoSciML.

База данных Госгеолкарт ФГУП ВСЕГЕИ – технологическая основа для обеспечения международной интеграции цифровых геолого-картографических данных

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen causing nosocomial infections. One of the reasons for the drug resistance in the Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains is the production of Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases enzymes. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance and the frequency of the Extended-Spectrum Betalactamases enzymes (CTX-M1, CTX-M2, CTX-M3) in the Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains isolated in the hospitals of Tabriz Town. Methods: The Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains were collected from different samples of patients admitted to hospitals and medical centers in Tabriz Town during the period from 26th December, 2014 to 25th December 2015. After identifying the phenotypic and genotypic identity (16Sr RNA) and performing antibiogram test, the phenotype of ESBLs in the bacterium of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by double-disk synergy method. Then the bacterial DNA was extracted, studied and evaluated by PCR method and using special primers for the frequency of genes. Results: 110 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were identified from 1500 clinical specimens collected from the hospitals and medical centers in Tabriz Town that their highest resistance was related to the antibiotics of Amikacin (81.81%), Nalidixic acid (89.09%) and Ceftriaxone (75.45%) and the lowest one was related to the antibiotics of Tetracycline (44.54%) and Gentamicin (50.09%). The highest gene frequencies of ESBLs are related to the genes of CTX-M1 (27.27%), CTX-M2 (23.63%) and CTX-M3 (9.09%), respectively. Conclusion: The genes studied in this research were all on the chromosomes of the bacterium of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. So, investigating the genes of ESBL such as CTX-M1 which has the maximum frequency in the clinical specimens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa seems necessary.

/pdf/molecular-study-of-the-prevalence-of-ctx-m1-ctx-m2-ctxm3in-3j8a7mihwv.pdf

Molecular Study of the Prevalence of CTX-M1, CTX-M2, CTXM3in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples inTabriz Town, Iran

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Evaluation of pseudomonas aeroginosa isolated from cutaneous infections and determination of drug resistance pattern in patients of alzahra hospital in esfahan

Hosseini Mohammad Mohsen

Papers

Evaluation of pseudomonas aeroginosa isolated from cutaneous infections and determination of drug resistance pattern in patients of alzahra hospital in esfahan