Upon leaving an elevated runway to enter a darkened chamber, different groups of rats were given a single electric shock of 0.125, 0.250, or 0.500 mA for 1, 3, or 9 sec. Retention trials, during which latency to enter the darkened chamber and defecation were recorded, were given immediately (30 sec) or 3, 24, or 48 h after the shock trial. Latency and defecation were directly related to both the intensity and duration of the electric shock. No interaction between shock intensity and duration was observed. Response latency was inversely related to the retention interval and, although there was more defecation during the 3-h than during the immediate retention test, this could be interpreted as a recency effect rather than as the incubation of fear.

/pdf/retention-of-a-passive-avoidance-response-as-a-function-of-5bmi0t97e0.pdf

Retention of a passive avoidance response as a function of the intensity and duration of electric shock

Mesencephalic central gray lesions and fear-motivated behavior in rats

Aftetr one-trial passive-avoidance training, indepelenet groups of rats tested promptly after training or at successive 6-hour intervals displayed a repetitive pattern of high then low retention scores. These results suggest that some physiological rhythm may interact with retention performance.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/180/4082/208.full.pdf

Multiphasic retention deficits at periodic intervals after passive-avoidance learning.

Time-dependent variations in aversively motivated behaviors: nonassociative effects of cholinergic and catecholaminergic activity.

Chapter 2 – FORGETTING AS RETRIEVAL FAILURE1

Incubation of passive avoidance in rats: Shock intensity and pretraining.

Adrenal and amygdala function in the incubation of aversively conditioned responses.

Adrenalectomy and dexamethasone blocking of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release in adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats did not affect time-dependent changes in performance following discriminated avoidance conditioning. Adrenalectomized rats also yielded the U-shaped intersession interval function characteristic of the Kamin effect in shuttlebox conditioning. The use of Sprague-Dawley rats precluded the possibility that time-dependent performance changes following aversive conditioning in adrenalectomized rats are the product of postoperatively developed accessory adrenal tissue. The Kamin effect occurs independent of pituitary-adrenal function.

/pdf/adrenal-corticosteroids-and-the-kamin-effect-zwvkoqgvjy.pdf

Hugh A. Marquis

Papers

Incubation of passive avoidance in rats: Shock intensity and pretraining.

Adrenal and amygdala function in the incubation of aversively conditioned responses.

Adrenal corticosteroids and the Kamin effect

Shock intensity and the Kamin effect in one- and two-way avoidance.