The present invention relates to an electronic device comprising anode, cathode and at least one organic layer which comprises a compound of the formula (I) to (IV). The invention furthermore encompasses the use of compounds of the formula (I) to (IV) in an electronic device and to a compound of the formula (Ic) to (IVc).

Materials for electronic devices

Carbon dioxide chemistry (in particular, capture and conversion) has attracted much attention from the scientific community due to global warming associated with positive carbon accumulation. The most widely used chemical absorption technique for carbon capture and storage/sequestration (CCS) would be essentially adopting amino-containing absorbents through formation of C–N bond in terms of mechanistic consideration. However, extensive energy input in desorption and compression process would be a crucial barrier to realize practical CCS. On the other hand, CO2 is very attractive as an environmentally friendly feedstock to replace the hazardous phosgene route for making commodity chemicals, fuels, and materials from a standpoint of green chemistry, whereas the reactions involving CO2 are commonly carried out at high pressure, which may not be economically suitable and also pose safety concerns. The challenge is to develop catalysts that are capable of activating CO2 under low pressure (preferably at 1 atm), and thus incorporating CO2 into organic molecules catalytically. We have proposed a carbon capture and utilization (CCU) strategy as an alternative approach to addressing the energy penalty problem in CCS. The essence of our strategy is to use captured CO2, also considered as the activated form of CO2, which could render this system suitable for accomplishing chemical transformation of CO2 under low pressure to avoid an additional desorption step. Indeed, CO2 could be activated through the formation of carbamate/alkyl carbonate with Lewis basic nitrogen species. In this review, we would like to discuss and update advances on CCU, particularly C–N bond formation with the production of oxazolidinones, quinazolines, carbamates, isocyanates and polyurethanes by using CO2 as C1 feedstock, and CO2 capture by amino-containing absorbents, including conventional aqueous solution of amine, chilled ammonia, amino-functionalized ionic liquids and solid absorbents such as amino-functionalized silica, carbon, polymers and resin, presumably leading to CO2's activation and thus subsequent conversion through C–N bond formation pathway.

Carbon dioxide utilization with C–N bond formation: carbon dioxide capture and subsequent conversion

Metal-Free Multicomponent Syntheses of Pyridines

The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of three novel naphthyridines namely, 5-amino-9-hydroxy-2-phenylchromeno[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitrile (N-1), 5-amino-9-hydroxy-2-(p-tolyl)chromeno[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitrile (N-2), and 5-amino-9-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromeno[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitrile (N-3) have been investigated for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution by using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization methods. All three compounds show high inhibition activities at 6.54 × 10–5 M : N-1, 94.28%; N-2, 96.66%; and N-3, 98.09%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis reveals an increase in polarization resistance due to the adsorbed inhibitor molecules on metal surface. Potentiodynamic polarization analysis reveals that all three compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors but of predominantly cathodic type. The adsorption of the studied compounds on mild steel surface follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Sur...

Electrochemical, Theoretical, and Surface Morphological Studies of Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Green Naphthyridine Derivatives on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid

In this review, we consider the main processes for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones from 2008 up today. The most effective organometallic compounds (derived from Ru, Rh, Ir, Fe, Os, Ni, Co, and Re) and chiral ligands (derived from amino alcohols, diamines, sulfur- and phosphorus-containing compounds, as well as heterocyclic systems) will be shown paying special attention to functionalized substrates, tandem reactions, processes under non-conventional conditions, supported catalysts, dynamic kinetic resolutions, the use of water as a green solvent, theoretical and experimental studies on reaction mechanisms, enzymatic processes, and finally applications to the total synthesis of biologically active organic molecules.

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Catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones: recent advances

Stereoselective synthesis of β-amino ketones via direct Mannich-type reaction catalyzed with silica sulfuric acid

The silica gel-catalyzed synthesis of 5-amino-2-aryl-3H-chromeno[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitriles and 5-amino-2-aryl-3H-quinolino[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitriles were simply achieved upon the one-pot cascade reaction of malononitrile with substituted 2-hydroxyacetophenone (or 2-aminoacetophenone) and aromatic aldehyde in aqueous media. The mechanistic investigation results based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) indicated that malononitrile displayed a dual role during this transformation. Thirteen bonds were cleaved and 12 new bonds were constructed in the formation of 5-amino-2-aryl-3H-chromeno[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitriles, while only 2 H2O molecules were removed. The fluorescence properties screening showed five new compounds have high fluorescence quantum yields.

Silica Gel-Catalyzed One-Pot Syntheses in Water and Fluorescence Properties Studies of 5-Amino-2-aryl-3H-chromeno[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitriles and 5-Amino-2-aryl-3H-quinolino[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitriles

An efficient synthesis of quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives with the aid of a low-valent titanium reagent

Solid silica sulfuric acid (SSA) as a novel and efficient catalyst for acetylation of aldehydes and sugars

A mild, efficient, and novel synthesis of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles via cyclization of 2-nitrobenzylamines promoted by SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O has been described. This method applies to a wide scope of substrates containing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents.

Hui Wu

Papers

Stereoselective synthesis of β-amino ketones via direct Mannich-type reaction catalyzed with silica sulfuric acid

Silica Gel-Catalyzed One-Pot Syntheses in Water and Fluorescence Properties Studies of 5-Amino-2-aryl-3H-chromeno[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitriles and 5-Amino-2-aryl-3H-quinolino[4,3,2-de][1,6]naphthyridine-4-carbonitriles

An efficient synthesis of quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives with the aid of a low-valent titanium reagent

Solid silica sulfuric acid (SSA) as a novel and efficient catalyst for acetylation of aldehydes and sugars

A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 2-Aryl-2H-indazoles via SnCl2-Mediated Cyclization of 2-Nitrobenzylamines