Organic solid-state lasers are reviewed, with a special emphasis on works published during the last decade. Referring originally to dyes in solid-state polymeric matrices, organic lasers also include the rich family of organic semiconductors, paced by the rapid development of organic light emitting diodes. Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources are potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. In this review, we describe the basic photophysics of the materials used as gain media in organic lasers with a specific look at the distinctive feature of dyes and semiconductors. We also outline the laser architectures used in state-of-the-art organic lasers and the performances of these devices with regard to output power, lifetime, and beam quality. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments in terms of wavelength coverage, wavelength agility, efficiency and compactness, or towards integrated low-cost sources, with a special focus on the great challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping. Finally, we discuss the very recent demonstration of new kinds of organic lasers based on polaritons or surface plasmons, which open new and very promising routes in the field of organic nanophotonics.

Recent advances in solid-state organic lasers

Organic solid-state lasers are reviewed, with a special emphasis on works published during the last decade. Referring originally to dyes in solid-state polymeric matrices, organic lasers also include the rich family of organic semiconductors, paced by the rapid development of organic light-emitting diodes. Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources, potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low cost. In this review, we describe the basic photophysics of the materials used as gain media in organic lasers with a specific look at the distinctive features of dyes and semiconductors. We also outline the laser architectures used in state-of-the-art organic lasers and the performances of these devices with regard to output power, lifetime and beam quality. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments in terms of wavelength coverage, wavelength agility, efficiency and compactness, and towards integrated low-cost sources, with a special focus on the great challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping. Finally, we discuss the very recent demonstration of new kinds of organic lasers based on polaritons or surface plasmons, which open new and very promising routes in the field of organic nanophotonics. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

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Recent advances in solid‐state organic lasers

The race to demonstrate new lasers, including electrically pumped polymer lasers, makes it a good time to reflect on the measurements that must be undertaken to support a claim of lasing.

How to recognize lasing

The thiophene/phenylene co-oligomers are ranked as a newly occurring class of organic semiconductors. The materials are characterised by that thiophenes and phenylenes are hybridised at the molecular level with their various mutual arrangements. These molecular arrangements produce peculiar morphological features in the solid state and excellent electronic and optical properties. In this review article we outline those characteristics in light of the structure/property relationship with central emphasis upon the crystal structure and its relevance to the leading-edge optoelectronic functionalities. These topics are most suitably approached by device studies including field-effect transistors and light-emitting devices. We describe the device characteristics in close connection with current-injected lasers.

The thiophene/phenylene co-oligomers: exotic molecular semiconductors integrating high-performance electronic and optical functionalities

Electrical, optical and microstructural properties of transparent conducting GZO thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering

Lasing action in an electrically pumped organic laser device is demonstrated with a high quality factor (Q) microcavity structure formed by two high-reflective and low-loss electrical contacts. A 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-i-propyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran-doped tris(8-hydroxy-quinoline)aluminum (Alq3) film serves as the active layer. A single longitudinal lasing cavity mode is obtained at 621.7 nm with a threshold current density of 860 mA/cm2 under a room temperature pulse operation.

Microcavity organic laser device under electrical pumping

A new transparent conducting indium vanadium oxide (IVO) thin film is developed by using a modification-specific reactive thermal co-evaporation method. Electrical and optical characteristics of IVO films were studied with different vanadium doping concentration, which shows good optical transmittance in the visible spectra range and a minimum electrical resistivity of 7.95×10-4 Ω·cm corresponding to a carrier density of 2.28×1020 cm-3 and a Hall mobility of 34.5 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Using IVO film as the anode, OLED shows a reduced turn-on voltage and significantly enhanced luminance and electroluminescence efficiency with respect to the device with an ITO anode. Our results indicate that IVO is a promising transparent conducting oxide material, and a suitable electrical contact for hole injection in OLEDs.

Optical and electrical properties of Vanadium doped Indium oxide thin films.

The invention is concerned with manipulator technology field, involving a kind of sampling and transfer manipulator. It relates to outer cavity, holding unit, metal piece, iron block, engine button, magnetism jar, metal ripple pipe fixed on the wall of vacuum room. The outer cavity enters into the vacuum room through the metal ripple pipe and it moves at random direction for the pipe is soft. The holding unit can carry portrait movement depending on magnetism jar and the force of magnetic field to iron block along the metal outer cavity. So it can transfer the sample from a work unit to another work unit at plane and vertical direction. During the movement, the engine button can keep the holding unit to hold the sample all along and it enhances the success of sampling and work efficiency. It is fit for sample and transfer in high vacuum system with easy structure, small weight and quick speed and convenience for moving sample.

Mechanical hand with conveying and sampling functions

The invention relates to a transparent conductive thin film widely applied in the technical fields such as a LCD screen, an electroluminescent display, a solar cell, a TFT, an organic and inorganic semiconductor laser, and thermal-insulating energy-saving glass, as well as a preparation method thereof. The thin film (IVO) is an indium vanadium oxide (In2O3:V) formed by doping V element in a main material In2O3, and the content of V in the IVO material accounts for 0.1 percent-30 percent of the content of In. The thin film can be prepared by a plurality of film plating techniques such as high vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam deposition and sputtering. The thin film is firm, and has good conductivity, visible light transparency and chemical stability.

Transparency conductive film and preparation method thereof

In this Letter, we demonstrate a high-sensitivity vector bend sensor based on a fiber directional coupler. The fiber directional coupler is composed of two parallel waveguides inscribed within a no-core fiber (NCF) by a femtosecond laser. Since the two written waveguides have closely matched refractive indices and geometries, the transmission spectrum of the fiber directional coupler possesses periodic resonant dips. Such a fiber directional coupler exhibits a good bending-dependent spectral shift response due to its asymmetric structure. Experimental results show that bending sensitivities of -97.11 nm/m-1 and 58.22 nm/m-1 are achieved for the 0° and 180° orientations in the curvature range of 0-0.62 m-1, respectively. In addition, the proposed fiber directional coupler is shown to be insensitive to external humidity changes, thus improving its suitability in high-accuracy bending measurements.

Huibin Li

Papers

Microcavity organic laser device under electrical pumping

Optical and electrical properties of Vanadium doped Indium oxide thin films.

Mechanical hand with conveying and sampling functions

Transparency conductive film and preparation method thereof

High-sensitivity vector bend sensor based on a fiber directional coupler inscribed by a femtosecond laser.