A new type of BaTiO3-based ceramics with Bi(Mg1/2Sn1/2)O3 modification showing improved energy storage properties and pulsed discharging performances

Structure, dielectric and relaxor properties of Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 lead-free ceramics for energy storage applications

This paper reviews energy storage systems, in general, and for specific applications in low-cost micro-energy harvesting (MEH) systems, low-cost microelectronic devices, and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). With the development of electronic gadgets, low-cost microelectronic devices and WSNs, the need for an efficient, light and reliable energy storage device is increased. The current energy storage systems (ESS) have the disadvantages of self-discharging, energy density, life cycles, and cost. The ambient energy resources are the best option as an energy source, but the main challenge in harvesting energy from ambient sources is the instability of the source of energy. Due to the explosion of lithium batteries in many cases, and the pros associated with them, the design of an efficient device, which is more reliable and efficient than conventional batteries, is important. This review paper focused on the issues of the reliability and performance of electrical ESS, and, especially, discussed the technical challenges and suggested solutions for ESS (batteries, supercapacitors, and for a hybrid combination of supercapacitors and batteries) in detail. Nowadays, the main market of batteries is WSNs, but in the last decade, the world’s attention has turned toward supercapacitors as a good alternative of batteries. The main advantages of supercapacitors are their light weight, volume, greater life cycle, turbo charging/discharging, high energy density and power density, low cost, easy maintenance, and no pollution. This study reviews supercapacitors as a better alternative of batteries in low-cost electronic devices, WSNs, and MEH systems.

Review on Comparison of Different Energy Storage Technologies Used in Micro-Energy Harvesting, WSNs, Low-Cost Microelectronic Devices: Challenges and Recommendations.

Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 (SBT) is a promising pulse energy storage material due to minor hysteresis, but its low maximum polarization (Pmax) is bad for energy storage. K+-Bi3+ defect pairs were introduced into the A-site of SBT to obtain Sr0.35Bi0.35K0.25TiO3 (SBKT) with larger Pmax. Through first-principles calculations, we determined that the introduction of defect pairs destroys the paraelectric order phase and increases local polarization, resulting in more and larger polar nanoregion (PNR) formation. On this basis, doping NaNbO3 (NN) in A- and B-sites of SBKT increases the cationic disorder and ferroelectric destabilization, further destroying the long-range order structure and forming more PNRs with smaller sizes. This enhances relaxation and decreases remnant polarization, and the broadened dielectric peak enables 0.85SBKT-0.15NN to meet the X7R specification. Furthermore, the decreased grain size and oxygen vacancy, increased thermal conductivity, and weakened local electric field (simulated by COMSOL) increase the dielectric breakdown strength (BDS). As a result, 0.95SBKT-0.05NN exhibits a high energy storage density (W) of 2.45 J/cm3 with a high efficiency of 93.1%, a high pulsed discharge energy density of 2.1 J/cm3, and a high power density of 54.1 MW/cm3 at 220 kV/cm. The energy storage properties show excellent stability of temperature (-55 to 150 °C), frequency (10-500 Hz), and cycling (105 cycles). Notably, for the pulse charge-discharge properties, 0.95SBKT-0.05NN shows great fatigue resistance during 105 cycles under 25 and 150 °C, accompanied by excellent thermal stability. Moreover, the BDS and Pmax of 0.95SBKT-0.05NN sintered in O2 further enhance. A higher W of 2.92 J/cm3 with a high efficiency of 89% at 250 kV/cm is achieved. Therefore, 0.95SBKT-0.05NN shows great application potential for pulse energy storage. In this work, we provide a novel strategy and systematic in-depth study for improving the energy storage properties of SBT.

Aliovalent Doping Engineering for A- and B-Sites with Multiple Regulatory Mechanisms: A Strategy to Improve Energy Storage Properties of Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3-Based Lead-Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics.

Relaxor regulation and improvement of energy storage properties of Sr2NaNb5O15-based tungsten bronze ceramics through B-site substitution

Ferroelectric (1-x)Sr0.875Pb0.125TiO3-xBi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 ((1-x)SPT-xBMZ, x = 0-0.2) ceramics with high discharge efficiency and power density were synthesized via a conventional solid-state sintering method. The prepared (1-x)SPT-xBMZ ceramics were detected as a pure perovskite structure and a dense microstructure, and a typical relaxor behavior and an excellent temperature stability were also observed. Although there is no direct correlation between the degree of diffuseness and the maximum polarization, the high degree of diffuseness can reduce the remanent polarization and significantly improve energy storage and release characteristics of ferroelectric ceramics. Based on a polarization electric-field loop measurement, a recoverable energy storage density of 0.762 J/cm3 and a very high efficiency of 96.34% are achieved when x = 0.2 under 150 kV/cm. The energy storage properties of 0.8SPT-0.2BMZ ceramic exhibit good temperature stability (25−130 °C) and frequency stability (2−80 Hz). In a practical charge-discharge circuit testing, a short discharge pulse-period about 94 ns, a high discharge energy density of 1.7 J/cm3 and an ultra-high-power density of 62.8 MW/cm3 are obtained for the 0.8SPT-0.2BMZ ceramic at 240 kV/cm. The results indicate that the 0.8SPT-0.2BMZ ceramic is a promising dielectric material for high-power pulse capacitors.

High efficiency and power density relaxor ferroelectric Sr0.875Pb0.125TiO3- Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 ceramics for pulsed power capacitors

Stabilizing temperature-capacitance dependence of (Sr, Pb, Bi)TiO3-Bi4Ti3O12 solutions for energy storage

Lanthanum-doped lead magnesium niobate (PLMN) ceramics were fabricated by columbite route. The effects of La-addition on dielectric behavior and Raman spectra were investigated. The trivalent La3+-doping showed inhibiting effects on grain growth process. The average grain size decreased and pyrochlore phase was detected along with the perovskite phase above 2 mol% La-addition. Temperature dependence of permittivity measured at 1 kHz was investigated. Due to La3+-doping, the maximum of dielectric constant decreased and the temperature of the maximum permittivity moved to lower temperature. An oval-form hysteresis loop was observed on La-doped (3 mol%) lead magnesium niobate (PMN) sample, which revealed that La-doped PMN owned partially normal ferroelectric feature. Raman spectra showed a shift of the peak around 270 cm−1, which identified a distortion of the center symmetric ordered structure and enforced B-site compositional fluctuation. The shift of A1g mode (around 780 cm−1) indicated that degree of chemical order at B-site increased and PLMN contained 1:1 B-site ordered nanoregion (clusters) with Fm-3m symmetry.

Dielectric behavior and Raman spectra of lanthanum-doped lead magnesium niobate ceramics

Low sintering temperature and good temperature stability are the crucial parameters for the actual application of the dielectric capacitors. In this work, lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with chemical formula (1 − x)(Ba0.4Sr0.6)TiO3-xBi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 [(1 − x)BST-xBZN, (x = 0.00 to 0.225)] were developed through a solid-state synthesis route. The microstructures, dielectric performance, and temperature stability were studied in detail. The results show that 0.775BST-0.225BZN bulk ceramic with capacitance-temperature dependence satisfied with X8R specification can be obtained at a sintering temperature of 1140 °C. In addition, the energy storage performance of 0.775BST-0.225BZN bulk ceramic exhibits good temperature stability in a wide range of temperatures from 25 to 150 °C. High dispersion results in capacitance-temperature stability and energy storage stability. More importantly, the 0.775BST-0.225BZN ceramic also displays good charge–discharge performance dependence on temperatures (variations of the current density and power density are less than 3% over 25–150 °C). These results demonstrate that 0.775BST-0.225BZN lead-free ceramic is a potential material for dielectric capacitors that can be operated in a wide range of temperatures.

Huiqin Li

Papers

High efficiency and power density relaxor ferroelectric Sr0.875Pb0.125TiO3- Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 ceramics for pulsed power capacitors

Stabilizing temperature-capacitance dependence of (Sr, Pb, Bi)TiO3-Bi4Ti3O12 solutions for energy storage

Dielectric behavior and Raman spectra of lanthanum-doped lead magnesium niobate ceramics

Temperature stability of lead-free BST-BZN relaxor ferroelectric ceramics for energy storage capacitors

Structural and dielectric properties of (1-x)(Sr0.7Pb0.15Bi0.1)TiO3-x(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 energy storage ceramic capacitors