A high finesse holographic Fabry-Perot etalon and method of making a high finesse holographic Fabry-Perot etalon is disclosed. Particularly, a holographic Fabry-Perot etalon which achieves high finesse despite non-flat interfaces between the etalon media is presented. In a preferred method of fabricating a high finesse Fabry-Perot etalon, single step recording of both holograms simultaneously, with the spacer and substrates in place, is employed which preserves full phase synchronization between the holograms. In spite of imperfections or irregularities of the interface surfaces of the substrates or spacers, the holographic fringes in the holograms remain flat even for slightly different refractive indices between the various media. The position and flatness of the fringes remains similar to perfect Fabry-Perot etalon structure.

High finesse holographic fabry-perot etalon and method of fabricating

A method and apparatus for drug product tracking (or other pharmaceutical, health care or cosmetics products, and/or the packages or containers they are supplied with) using diffraction grating-based encoded optical identification elements (8) includes an optical substrate (10) having at least one diffraction grating (12) disposed therein. The grating (12) has one or more colocated pitches A which represent a unique identification digital code that is detected when illuminated by incident light (24). The incident light (24) may be directed transversely from the side of the substrate (10) (or from an end) with a narrow band (single wavelength) or multiple wavelength source, and the code is represented by a spatial distribution of light or a wavelength spectrum, respectively, or a combination thereof. The encoded element (8) may be used to label any desired item, such as drugs or medicines, or other pharmaceutical or health care products or cosmetics. The label may be used for many different purposes, such as for sorting, tracking, identification, verification, authentication, anti-theft/anti-counterfeit, security/anti-terrorism, or for other purposes. In a manufacturing environment, the elements (8) may be used to track inventory for production information or sales of goods/products. Such labeling provides product identification at the pill or liquid medicine level, which provides traceability of these products to their manufacturer, thereby reducing counterfeit products in the marketplace. Also, the elements (8 )may be incorporated into a film, liquid, coating or adhesive tape at attached to the product package.

Method and apparatus for drug product tracking using encoded optical identification elements

Microparticles (8, 72) includes an optical substrate (10) having at least one diffraction grating (12) disposed therein. The grating (12) having a plurality of colocated pitches A which represent a unique identification digital code that is detected when illuminated by incident light (24). The incident light (24) may be directed transversely from the side of the substrate (10) with a narrow band (single wavelength) or multiple wavelength source, in which case the code is represented by a spatial distribution of light or a wavelength spectrum, respectively. The code may be digital binary or may be other numerical bases. The micro-particles (8, 72) can provide a large number of unique codes, e.g., greater than 67 million codes, and can withstand harsh environments. The micro-particles (8) are functionalized by coating them with a material/substance of interest, which are then used to perform multiplexed experiments involving chemical processes, e.g., DNA testing and combinatorial chemistry.

Diffraction grating-based encoded micro-particles for multiplexed experiments

A method and apparatus are provided for aligning optical elements or microbeads, wherein each microbead has an elongated body with a code embedded therein along a longitudinal axis thereof to be read by a code reading device. The microbeads are aligned with a positioning device so the longitudinal axis of the microbeads is positioned in a fixed orientation relative to the code reading device. The microbeads are typically cylindrically shaped glass beads between 25 and 250 microns (μm) in diameter and between 100 and 500 μm long, and have a holographic code embedded in the central region of the bead, which is used to identify it from the rest of the beads in a batch of beads with many different chemical probes. A cross reference is used to determine which probe is attached to which bead, thus allowing the researcher to correlate the chemical content on each bead with the measured fluorescence signal. Because the code consists of a diffraction grating typically disposed along an axis, there is a particular alignment required between the incident readout laser beam and the readout detector in two of the three rotational axes. The third axis, rotation about the center axis of the cylinder, is azimuthally symmetric and therefore does not require alignment.

Method and apparatus for aligning microbeads in order to interrogate the same

A methods and apparatus for labeling an item using diffraction grating-based encoded optical identification elements (8) includes an optical substrate (10) having at least one diffraction grating (12) disposed therein. The grating (12) has one or more colocated pitches A which represent a unique identification digital code that is detected when illuminated by incident light (24). The incident light (24) may be directed transversely from the side of the substrate (10) (or from an end) with a narrow band (single wavelength) or multiple wavelength source, and the code is represented by a spatial distribution of light or a wavelength spectrum, respectively, or a combination thereof. The element (8) can provide a large number of unique codes, e.g., greater than 67 million codes, and can withstand harsh environments. The encoded element (8) may be used to label any desired item, such as large or small objects, products, solids, powders, liquids, gases, plants, minerals, cells and/or animals, or any combination of or portion of one or more thereof. The label may be used for many different purposes, such as for sorting, tracking, identification, verification, authentication, anti-theft/anti-counterfeit, security/anti-terrorism, or for other purposes. In a manufacturing environment, the elements (8) may be used to track inventory for production information or sales of goods/products.

Method and apparatus for labeling using diffraction grating-based encoded optical identification elements

Apparatus for analyzing a spectral signature, including: a light source; a spatial light modulator connected to the light source, the spatial light modulator modulating light from the light source in accordance with spatial features of the spectral signature; an optic system upon which modulated light from the spatial light modulator is incident, the optic system filtering the modulated light; a hologram illuminated with filtered, modulated light from the optic system, the hologram outputting an optical identification of the spectral signature; and a detector upon which the optical identification is incident, the detector detecting the optical identification.

Binary optical spectrum analyzer

We discuss a multiplexed holographic Fabry–Perot etalon that includes a multiplexed hologram in a novel holographic Fabry–Perot etalon. Two unique advantages can be achieved by using the multiplexed holographic Fabry–Perot etalon: coherently coupled fabrication of holographic Fabry–Perot mirrors significantly reduces the need to have the nearly flat surfaces typically required in conventional Fabry–Perot etalons, and the angular–wavelength multiplexing capability of a multiplexed hologram can be added to the tunable narrow-band filtering capability of Fabry–Perot etalons. Several types of multiplexed holographic Fabry–Perot etalon are experimentally demonstrated.

Multiplexed holographic Fabry-Perot étalons.

A holographic optical interconnect technique capable of massive parallel interconnect operations is introduced. Its applications in digital data processing and pattern recognition were also experimentally realized. 1. INTRODUCTION Holographic free space optical interconnect techniques [1,2] are being studied because the massiveparallelism of optical interconnects are required in the applications of digital optical processing andpauem recognition. In this paper, a holographic optical interconnect technique which is capable ofperforming any arbitrary interconnect pattern between a 2D input plane and a 2D output plane, isaddressed. Based on this holographic optical interconnect technique, two optical processors, anoptical heteroassociative memory and a digital optical multi-processor, were implemented and willbe described in this paper. OPTICAL INTERCONNECT TECHNIOUE Interconnect operations between a 2D input plane and a 2D output plane can be expressed in thefollowing matrix-vector product form:

Holographic optical interconnect for signal processing and recognition applications

We present a novel neuro-optic system for ATR based on an advanced holographic technique. This system has a spatially recorded high density holographic matrix which works in conjunction with a 2-D spatial light modulator to perform highly parallel inter-pixel operations. Because of the high degree of parallel processing necessary for real-time performance and the need for high interconnectivity and large memory capacity, an optical neural network approach to ATR fulfills more than the basic requirements for an ATR system and has the potential to outperform, or at a minimum supplement, an electronic neural network approach. Our neural network is based on inter-pattern association model and interconnection network is implemented using N4 hologram recording. In this paper, computer simulation as well as optical implementation of the neural network is presented. Computer simulations is used to implement neural network with 64 X 64 neurons for rotation invariance and weak scale invariance in a controlled environment. For the optical implementation we used 32 X 32 fully interconnected neural network to test noise robustness.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Portable holographic neural system for distortion-invariant pattern recognition and tracking in controlled environment

This paper presents a large-scale static holographic optical neural network (HONN) based on volume holographic materials. A 1024 neuron HONN has been experimentally demonstrated for pattern recognition operations. It is possible to build a compact size and cost-effective HONN of 64,000 neurons which is capable of storing up to 20,000 training patterns and performing parallel processing in high speed (10 exp 13 interconnections per second).

Hung Chou

Papers

Binary optical spectrum analyzer

Multiplexed holographic Fabry-Perot étalons.

Holographic optical interconnect for signal processing and recognition applications

Portable holographic neural system for distortion-invariant pattern recognition and tracking in controlled environment

Optical interconnect and neural network applications based on a simplified holographic N4 recording technique