https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/567486.pdf

A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation

One of our era's greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change but also its impact on public and individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. There are many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter (PM), particles of variable but very small diameter, penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and cancer. Despite the fact that ozone in the stratosphere plays a protective role against ultraviolet irradiation, it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, also affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Furthermore, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are all considered air pollutants that are harmful to humans. Carbon monoxide can even provoke direct poisoning when breathed in at high levels. Heavy metals such as lead, when absorbed into the human body, can lead to direct poisoning or chronic intoxication, depending on exposure. Diseases occurring from the aforementioned substances include principally respiratory problems such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiolitis, and also lung cancer, cardiovascular events, central nervous system dysfunctions, and cutaneous diseases. Last but not least, climate change resulting from environmental pollution affects the geographical distribution of many infectious diseases, as do natural disasters. The only way to tackle this problem is through public awareness coupled with a multidisciplinary approach by scientific experts; national and international organizations must address the emergence of this threat and propose sustainable solutions.

/pdf/environmental-and-health-impacts-of-air-pollution-a-review-8y7nwckg81.pdf

Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) include a group of organic priority pollutants of critical environmental and public health concern due to their toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties and their ubiquitous occurrence as well as recalcitrance. The increased awareness of their various adverse effects on ecosystem and human health has led to a dramatic increase in research aimed towards removing PAHs from the environment. PAHs may undergo adsorption, volatilization, photolysis, and chemical oxidation, although transformation by microorganisms is the major neutralization process of PAH-contaminated sites in an ecologically accepted manner. Microbial degradation of PAHs depends on various environmental conditions, such as nutrients, number and kind of the microorganisms, nature as well as chemical property of the PAH being degraded. A wide variety of bacterial, fungal and algal species have the potential to degrade/transform PAHs, among which bacteria and fungi mediated degradation has been studied most extensively. In last few decades microbial community analysis, biochemical pathway for PAHs degradation, gene organization, enzyme system, genetic regulation for PAH degradation have been explored in great detail. Although, xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms have incredible potential to restore contaminated environments inexpensively yet effectively, but new advancements are required to make such microbes effective and more powerful in removing those compounds, which were once thought to be recalcitrant. Recent analytical chemistry and genetic engineering tools might help to improve the efficiency of degradation of PAHs by microorganisms, and minimize uncertainties of successful bioremediation. However, appropriate implementation of the potential of naturally occurring microorganisms for field bioremediation could be considerably enhanced by optimizing certain factors such as bioavailability, adsorption and mass transfer of PAHs. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge of bacteria, halophilic archaea, fungi and algae mediated degradation/transformation of PAHs. In addition, factors affecting PAHs degradation in the environment, recent advancement in genetic, genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques are also highlighted with an aim to facilitate the development of a new insight into the bioremediation of PAH in the environment.

/pdf/current-state-of-knowledge-in-microbial-degradation-of-480ex77r3r.pdf

Current State of Knowledge in Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Review

Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization

Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using modified activated coconut shell carbon

Hybrid resin composite membrane for oil & gas produced water treatment

Landfill leachate: Sources, nature, organic composition, and treatment: An environmental overview

THE PRESENT study focuses on the efficiency of a suggested innovative system for the treatment of the sand filter backwashing water (SFBW) in the Drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). Usually, the DWTP is consumes between 15 to 20% of their clean treated drinking water to backwashing their sand filter. Such sand filter backwashing water (SFBW) is, usually, discharged as waste. Presently, the suggested innovative system as pilot plant (PP) was employed for the treatment of SFBW. Physical and chemical characteristics of the raw Canal fresh water and the treated drinking water were extensively determined via sampling program. Meanwhile, the inlet SFBW and the treated outlet of the suggested PP were also sampled and subjected to the physical and chemical analysis. The settled particles as sludge of the PP were sand filtered. The filtered water was also evaluated in terms of the physical and chemical characteristics.
The suggested PP was operated continuously where it proved efficient removal of TSS, turbidity, and aluminum at 74.1, 84.2 and 71.4%, respectively. Removal of total residue, and alkalinity reached 30.1 and 29.1%, successively. The residual Al3+ was 3.0 mg/l. Correlation between the physical and chemical characteristics of Canal water in one hand and the treated SFBW and the filtered water of the sludge on the other hand indicated that both later waters were at better quality than the former. Therefore, it was suggested to reuse this treated effluents as an additional fresh water resource to the DWTP. The advantages are: saving this wasted water, save the intial supply of water to the DWTP, and to decrease the amount of added alum to the water treatment system while protecting the Canal water from the dischrge of the SFBW that contained residual of Al3+.

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_43469_ca7340cac72f0beddf460e75712451cb.pdf

Hussein I. Abdel-Shafy

Papers

Hybrid resin composite membrane for oil & gas produced water treatment

Landfill leachate: Sources, nature, organic composition, and treatment: An environmental overview

Innovative System for Recycling of Backwashing Water in Drinking Water Plant

Growth of Microalgae Adapted to High Light and Temperature Conditions in Different Types of Wastewater

Enhancement of Hybrid Constructed Wetland by Chemical Coagulants and Hydraulic Retention Time for Grey water Treatment