Forty three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains isolated before and during 1997 in Israel from domestic birds were studied by means of the three panels of monoclonal antibodies prepared against all the viral envelope proteins in order to reveal the possible antigenic differences between them and the VH strain used in Israel for poultry vaccination. Three isolates were found to have significant antigenic differences in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins as compared to the vaccine strain. As to the matrix protein, almost all the viruses isolated during the year 1997 were found to have considerable differences from the vaccine strain in two of four antigenic sites.

Antigenic heterogeneity amongst the field isolates of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in relation to the vaccine strain. Part II: studies on viruses isolated from domestic birds in Israel.

In order to reveal the viruses strongly differing from the VH NDV strain used in Israel for poultry vaccination, 54 NDV strains isolated during the last 15 years in Israel from feral birds were studied by means of the panels of 39 monoclonal antibodies. Six isolates were found to have considerable antigenic differences in envelope proteins as compared to the vaccine strain. In four cases, the differences were related mostly to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein, in one case to the fusion glycoprotein, and in one case to the matrix protein.

Antigenic heterogeneity among the field isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in relation to the vaccine strain

In August 2010, geese in the Meihekou area of Jilin province in China were found to be infected by a pathogen that caused a disease similar to Newcastle disease. To determine the causative agent of the infections, a virus was isolated from liver tissues of infected geese, followed by a pathogenicity determination. The isolated virus was named NDV/White Goose/China/Jilin(Meihekou)/MHK-1/2010. Specific primers were designed to amplify the whole genome of the MHK-1 virus, followed by sequencing and splicing of the entire genome. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of MHK-1 showed that the isolate was a virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus. The MHK-1 genome is 15,192 nucleotides long, and it belongs to the class II branch of Newcastle disease viruses, as evidenced by the amino acid sequence (112R-R-Q-K-R-F117) of the F protein. The hemagglutinin titer was 1:128 to 1:512. The chicken embryo mean death time, the intracerebral pathogenicity index, and the median lethal dose of chicken embryos of MHK-1 were 43 hr, 1.63, and 10(9)/ml, respectively, which revealed that the newly isolated MHK-1 strain is strongly pathogenic to geese.

https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-59/issue-2/10957-100914-Reg/Isolation-Identification-and-Sequencing-of-a-Goose-Derived-Newcastle-Disease/10.1637/10957-100914-Reg.pdf

Isolation, Identification, and Sequencing of a Goose-Derived Newcastle Disease Virus and Determination of Its Pathogenicity

Newcastle disease (ND) which is caused by Avian Paramyxovirus type 1 is among the major concerns of poultry production worldwide. In developing countries especially where backyard poultry are not monitored for infection, ND remains a threat. The use of vaccines (live and inactivated) for the last 50 years in South Asia has not been able to control the infection. The poultry mortality rate worsened after the emergence of Avian Influenza in commercial poultry during early 1990's. The present study was conducted on 84 samples during 1995- 2009, from commercial poultry flocks in the suburbs of Karachi to isolate and characterize strains of Newcastle disease virus circulating in the region. The samples were passaged in 9-10 day old chicken embryonated eggs. Haemagglutinating activity was observed in eighty samples which were cross checked using ND virus (NDV) polyclonal serum employed in haemagglutination inhibition assay and only forty seven were positive for NDV. The infective allantoic fluid was later used for pathotyping of isolates by employing biological characterization tools. Results demonstrated that the majority of isolates were either mesogenic or velogenic strains based on the mean death time and intra cerebral pathogenicity indices. Molecular identification was done using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed using viral RNA extracted from infective allantoic fluid. Three sets of previously reported primers were employed and primer set BK1/BK2 was found to be the most sensitive. The results suggest that Newcastle disease remains endemic and requires similar attention to that given to highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated During 1995- 2009 From Suburbs of Karachi-Pakistan

The Antiviral Effect Of Acacia Nilotica Extracts Against The Mesogenic Strain Of Newcastle Disease Virus

Six Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were obtained from disease outbreaks on different poultry farms in the Sudan between 1988 and 1991. The pathogenic properties of these isolates were studied in comparison to those of strain Herts 33/56. All the isolates were similar in that they killed chicken embryos quickly, in mean death time (MDT) and embryo lethal dose 50 per cent (ELD50), had higher intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPI), and produced viscerotropic lesions in the infected chickens. The field isolates had the characteristics of the velogenic viscerotopic strains of NDV. The pathogenesis of infection caused by one of the isolates was studied. The virus was first detected in different organs and in oral and cloacal swabs on the third day after infection.

Hussein Ya

Papers

Pathogenic properties of Newcastle disease virus isolates in the Sudan.