The primary issues regarding the lack of protocol reproducibility among laboratories are environmental factors. Light (quantity and particularly quality), is one of those main factors, and studies seldom present the spectral quality of the light sources used. With the advent of light-emitting diode (LED) technology, impressive progress has been made in environmental controls and morphogenetic responses, as directed by the light used in the culture shelves. A wide array of LED lights with different spectra are currently available and light is important in large-scale propagation, especially liquid bioreactor systems. LED technology continues to evolve rapidly and has created additional possibilities. This laboratory has dedicated extensive efforts to implement photoautotrophic propagation, and light is a key component of the system. This review presents relevant topics on the influence of light in various plant tissue culture-based techniques.

Light quality in plant tissue culture: does it matter?

https://profdoc.um.ac.ir/articles/a/1019691.pdf

Static and dynamic wind turbine simulator using a converter controlled dc motor

The paper presents the development of a wind turbine simulator which consists of an induction motor driven by a torque control inverter. The wind turbine simulation system includes wind speed simulation, mathematical models of wind turbines, modeling of rotor blade characteristics, modeling of tower effect and emulation of rotor inertia. Wind speed can be easily programmed based on Van der Hoven spectrum, or recorded wind speed data or manual set up. The developed algorithms were implemented by a low-cost, high-performance digital signal controller with C language and the system was tested in a laboratory with a 1 kW dc generator. The power responses, torque responses and tip speed ratio responses confirms that the system can perform satisfactorily under step changes of power reference, load disturbances and tower effect.

/pdf/development-of-a-wind-turbine-simulator-for-wind-generator-uty9iz9ilq.pdf

Development of a Wind Turbine Simulator for Wind Generator Testing

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are useful for the growth of many plants, but not known for blueberry species. This study examined the effects of fluorescent lamps and 100 % red, 80 % red plus 20 % blue, 50 % red plus 50 % blue, and 100 % blue LEDs on the growth and development of highbush blueberry shoots under aseptic and non-aseptic conditions. Results revealed that monochromatic blue LEDs accumulated the highest contents of leaf chlorophylls. In contrast, monochromatic red LEDs inhibited chlorophyll accumulation, but produced the longest shoots and roots and provided high percentages of side shoot formation from ex vitro plants. Mixed LEDs, particularly 50 % red plus 50 % blue light, improved plant growth with respect to notably increased shoot and root biomass. Direct rooting of in vitro shoots under non-aseptic conditions was readily achieved using a commercial mixture of perlite and peat moss with high humidity controls. These findings obviously suggest the efficient use of LEDs to replace traditional fluorescent lamps in large-scale propagation of the highbush blueberry, and also pave the way for future studies on LEDs for standardizing micropropagation protocols to shrub crops and woody plants.

LED light for in vitro and ex vitro efficient growth of economically important highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Open loop wind turbine emulator

Control algorithms and implementation issues for a wind turbine simulator are presented for realistic emulation of variable characteristics of wind and rotor blades using a lab-scale motor and generator set A randomized wind speed pattern is generated with given average speed and turbulence coefficient Aerodynamic characteristics of rotor blade are considered as a real-time function of rotating speed and wind speed Periodic pulsations of torque are also included as a tower effect In addition, arbitrary size of inertia can be emulated instead of actual rotor blade inertia using the proposed algorithm of electronic inertia compensation Proposed algorithms are verified by the computer simulations and experiments using a hardware-in-loop wind turbine simulator

Emulation of output characteristics of rotor blades using a hardware-in-loop wind turbine simulator

Growth and morphogenesis of encapsulated strawberry shoot tips under mixed LEDs

In vitro proliferation and ex vitro rooting of microshoots of commercially important rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) using spectral lights

In this paper, we present a new secrecy-enhancing scheme for multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems using a space–time coding scheme. We adopt a quasi-orthogonal space–time block coding (QO-STBC) scheme that was originally designed to improve the performance of the MIMO system, and propose an efficient waveform design that can enhance the secrecy, as well as improve the error rate performance. Channel- and signal-dependent artificial interference (AI) is added to the proposed waveform, so that only a legitimate receiver can successfully retrieve information. We investigate the secrecy capacity of the proposed scheme, and demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides highly enhanced secrecy performance, compared to the conventional schemes. The performance simulation results reveal that the transmitted information can be properly extracted only at the legitimate receiver.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/12/2003/pdf

Hye-In Lee

Papers

LED light for in vitro and ex vitro efficient growth of economically important highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Emulation of output characteristics of rotor blades using a hardware-in-loop wind turbine simulator

Growth and morphogenesis of encapsulated strawberry shoot tips under mixed LEDs

In vitro proliferation and ex vitro rooting of microshoots of commercially important rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) using spectral lights

Waveform Design for Space–Time Coded MIMO Systems with High Secrecy Protection