Proton-antiproton annihilations at rest into π0ω, π0η, π0γ, π0π0, and π0η′

After a short introduction the situation of electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters is reviewed. As an outlook important features of future calorimeters are discussed.

Perspectives in calorimetry

An array of 49 NaI(Tl) modules each 20 inch in depth and 2.5 inch × 2.5 inch in cross section has been constructed and its properties, especially energy resolution, explored for positrons in the range 20 MeV – 18 GeV. A subsequent much larger detector, the Crystal Box, has also been constructed from 396 modules of the same cross section, but mostly 12 inch in depth, and operated as a γ-ray and positron detector in a search for rare muon decays. The calibration procedure used for the Crystal Box and its characteristic resolutions in energy, impact point and time are described.

Design and performance of modularized NaI(Tl) detectors with rectangular crystal elements: An array of 49 and the crystal box

We have constructed a modularized array of NaI(Tl) detectors in a half barrel configuration that is about 75 cm long with an inner radius of 25 cm. 96 NaI modules are surrounded by a layer of 48 modules of scintillating glass which have similar dimensions to the NaI modules. Each NaI crystal was shaped as a trapezoidal pyramid and encapsulated in a 1 mm thick aluminium container with dimensions of (43 × 94) × (110 × 94) × 377 mm3. The construction and performance are described along with the gain calibration and monitoring, the beam position sensitivity, the scattering between modules, etc. The fwhm energy resolution of a 5 × 5 array of NaI modules varied from 6.5% for incident electrons at 100 MeV to 3.6% at 1000 MeV

I. Bergstroem

Papers

A modular NaI(Tl) detector for 20-1000 MeV photons