A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces

In the real world, a realistic setting for computer vision or multimedia recognition problems is that we have some classes containing lots of training data and many classes contain a small amount of training data. Therefore, how to use frequent classes to help learning rare classes for which it is harder to collect the training data is an open question. Learning with Shared Information is an emerging topic in machine learning, computer vision and multimedia analysis. There are different level of components that can be shared during concept modeling and machine learning stages, such as sharing generic object parts, sharing attributes, sharing transformations, sharing regularization parameters and sharing training examples, etc. Regarding the specific methods, multi-task learning, transfer learning and deep learning can be seen as using different strategies to share information. These learning with shared information methods are very effective in solving real-world large-scale problems. This special issue aims at gathering the recent advances in learning with shared information methods and their applications in computer vision and multimedia analysis. Both state-of-the-art works, as well as literature reviews, are welcome for submission. Papers addressing interesting real-world computer vision and multimedia applications are especially encouraged. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:  • Multi-task learning or transfer learning for large-scale computer vision and multimedia analysis • Deep learning for large-scale computer vision and multimedia analysis • Multi-modal approach for large-scale computer vision and multimedia analysis • Different sharing strategies, e.g., sharing generic object parts, sharing attributes, sharing transformations, sharing regularization parameters and sharing training examples, • Real-world computer vision and multimedia applications based on learning with shared information, e.g., event detection, object recognition, object detection, action recognition, human head pose estimation, object tracking, location-based services, semantic indexing. • New datasets and metrics to evaluate the benefit of the proposed sharing ability for the specific computer vision or multimedia problem. • Survey papers regarding the topic of learning with shared information.  Authors who are unsure whether their planned submission is in scope may contact the guest editors prior to the submission deadline with an abstract, in order to receive feedback.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence

This report presents the final results of the ICDAR 2013 Robust Reading Competition. The competition is structured in three Challenges addressing text extraction in different application domains, namely born-digital images, real scene images and real-scene videos. The Challenges are organised around specific tasks covering text localisation, text segmentation and word recognition. The competition took place in the first quarter of 2013, and received a total of 42 submissions over the different tasks offered. This report describes the datasets and ground truth specification, details the performance evaluation protocols used and presents the final results along with a brief summary of the participating methods.

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ICDAR 2013 Robust Reading Competition

One of the main challenges in feature learning using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) for large-scale face recognition is the design of appropriate loss functions that enhance discriminative power. Centre loss penalises the distance between the deep features and their corresponding class centres in the Euclidean space to achieve intra-class compactness. SphereFace assumes that the linear transformation matrix in the last fully connected layer can be used as a representation of the class centres in an angular space and penalises the angles between the deep features and their corresponding weights in a multiplicative way. Recently, a popular line of research is to incorporate margins in well-established loss functions in order to maximise face class separability. In this paper, we propose an Additive Angular Margin Loss (ArcFace) to obtain highly discriminative features for face recognition. The proposed ArcFace has a clear geometric interpretation due to the exact correspondence to the geodesic distance on the hypersphere. We present arguably the most extensive experimental evaluation of all the recent state-of-the-art face recognition methods on over 10 face recognition benchmarks including a new large-scale image database with trillion level of pairs and a large-scale video dataset. We show that ArcFace consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art and can be easily implemented with negligible computational overhead. We release all refined training data, training codes, pre-trained models and training logs, which will help reproduce the results in this paper.

ArcFace: Additive Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition

The large pose discrepancy between two face images is one of the key challenges in face recognition. Conventional approaches for pose-invariant face recognition either perform face frontalization on, or learn a pose-invariant representation from, a non-frontal face image. We argue that it is more desirable to perform both tasks jointly to allow them to leverage each other. To this end, this paper proposes Disentangled Representation learning-Generative Adversarial Network (DR-GAN) with three distinct novelties. First, the encoder-decoder structure of the generator allows DR-GAN to learn a generative and discriminative representation, in addition to image synthesis. Second, this representation is explicitly disentangled from other face variations such as pose, through the pose code provided to the decoder and pose estimation in the discriminator. Third, DR-GAN can take one or multiple images as the input, and generate one unified representation along with an arbitrary number of synthetic images. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation on both controlled and in-the-wild databases demonstrate the superiority of DR-GAN over the state of the art.

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Disentangled Representation Learning GAN for Pose-Invariant Face Recognition

Face swapping refers to the task of changing the appearance of a face appearing in an image by replacing it with the appearance of a face taken from another image, in an effort to produce an authentic-looking result. We describe a method for face swapping that does not require training on faces being swapped and can be easily applied even when face images are unconstrained and arbitrarily paired. Our method offers the following contributions: (a) Instead of tailoring systems for face segmentation, as others previously proposed, we show that a standard fully convolutional network (FCN) can achieve remarkably fast and accurate segmentation, provided that it is trained on a rich enough example set. For this purpose, we describe novel data collection and generation routines which provide challenging segmented face examples. (b) We use our segmentations for robust face swapping under unprecedented conditions, without requiring subject-specific data or training. (c) Unlike previous work, our swapping is robust enough to allow for extensive quantitative tests. To this end, we use the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) benchmark and measure how intra- and inter-subject face swapping affect face recognition. We show that intra-subject swapped faces remain as recognizable as their sources, testifying to the effectiveness of our method. In line with established perceptual studies, we show that better face swapping produces less recognizable inter-subject results (see, e.g., Fig. 2.1). This is the first time this effect was quantitatively demonstrated by a machine vision method. Some of the material in this chapter previously appeared in [47].

Face Segmentation, Face Swapping, and How They Impact Face Recognition

In this paper we describe a solution to multi-target data association problem based on l1-regularized sparse basis expansions. Assuming we have sufficient training samples per subject, our idea is to create a discriminative basis of observations that we can use to reconstruct and associate a new target. The use of l1-regularized basis expansions allows our approach to exploit multiple instances of the target when performing data association rather than relying on an average representation of target appearance. Preliminary experimental results on the PETS dataset are encouraging and demonstrate that our approach is an accurate and efficient approach to multi-target data association.

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Multi-target Data Association Using Sparse Reconstruction

Image repurposing is a commonly used method for spreading misinformation on social media and online forums, which involves publishing untampered images with modified metadata to create rumors and further propaganda. While manual verification is possible, given vast amounts of verified knowledge available on the internet, the increasing prevalence and ease of this form of semantic manipulation call for the development of robust automatic ways of assessing the semantic integrity of multimedia data. In this paper, we present a novel method for image repurposing detection that is based on the real-world adversarial interplay between a bad actor who repurposes images with counterfeit metadata and a watchdog who verifies the semantic consistency between images and their accompanying metadata, where both players have access to a reference dataset of verified content, which they can use to achieve their goals. The proposed method exhibits state-of-the-art performance on location-identity, subject-identity and painting-artist verification, showing its efficacy across a diverse set of scenarios.

AIRD: Adversarial Learning Framework for Image Repurposing Detection

We offer a study that connects robust discriminative classifiers trained with adversarial training (AT) with generative modeling in the form of Energy-based Models (EBM). We do so by decomposing the loss of a discriminative classifier and showing that the discriminative model is also aware of the input data density. Though a common assumption is that adversarial points leave the manifold of the input data, our study finds out that, surprisingly, untargeted adversarial points in the input space are very likely under the generative model hidden inside the discriminative classifier -- have low energy in the EBM. We present two evidence: untargeted attacks are even more likely than the natural data and their likelihood increases as the attack strength increases. This allows us to easily detect them and craft a novel attack called High-Energy PGD that fools the classifier yet has energy similar to the data set. The code is available at github.com/senad96/Robust-Generative

Exploring the Connection between Robust and Generative Models

In this paper we present a technique for real-time face logging in video streams Our system is capable of detecting faces across a range of poses and of tracking multiple targets in real time, grabbing face images and evaluating their quality in order to store only the best for each detected target An advantage of our approach is that we qualify every logged face in terms of a quality measure based both on face pose and on resolution Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the performance of our system is provided on many hours of realistic surveillance footage captured in different environments Results show that our system can simultaneously minimizing false positives and identity mismatches, while balancing this against the need to obtain face images of all people in a scene

Iacopo Masi

Papers

Face Segmentation, Face Swapping, and How They Impact Face Recognition

Multi-target Data Association Using Sparse Reconstruction

AIRD: Adversarial Learning Framework for Image Repurposing Detection

Exploring the Connection between Robust and Generative Models

Multi-pose face detection for accurate face logging