Werner, Sabine, and Richard Grose. Regulation of Wound Healing by Growth Factors and Cytokines. Physiol Rev 83: 835–870, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00032.2002.—Cutaneous wound healing is a complex proce...

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Regulation of Wound Healing by Growth Factors and Cytokines

This review focuses on calcium phosphate-based bone substitute materials that are used (or can be used) for teeth or bone replacement, bone repair, augmentation, or regeneration. This review will also include some properties of bone (e.g., interconnected porosity, biodegradability, bioactivity, osteoconductivity) that are being mimicked in the manufacture of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials and some of the reported factors and strategies that can make the calcium phosphate-based biomaterials acquire osteoinductive properties. Archaeological findings showed that attempts to replace missing teeth date back to the prehistoric period. The materials used then included shells, corals, ivory (from elephant tusks), metals, and human (from corpses) and animal bones. Because of the practice of cremation in many societies, not much is known about prehistoric materials used to replace bones lost to accident or disease. Presently, autografts (bones obtained from another anatomic site in the same subject) remain the gold standard for bone repair, substitution, and augmentation followed by allografts (bones from another subject, such as processed cadaver bones). Autografts and allografts while having the important advantage of being osteogenic or osteoinductive (i.e., inducing bone formation), suffer from several disadvantages. With autografts the drawbacks include additional expense and trauma to the patient, possibility of donor site morbidity, and limited availability. In the case of allografts, in addition to limited supply and high cost, potential viral transmission and immunogenicity are of serious concern. Because of the high cost and limited availability of autografts and allografts, there is a great need to develop synthetic alternative biomaterials for bone replacement, repair, and augmentation. Current commercial substitute materials to replace or repair teeth and bones include metals, polymers (natural or synthetic), corals, human bones (processed cadaver bones), animal bones (processed cow bones), corals and coral derived, synthetic ceramics (calcium phosphates, calcium sulfates, calcium carbonate, bioactive glasses), and composites. It is interesting to note that several of the materials used in prehistoric times are similar to the materials used presently (e.g., coral and coral derived, animal bone derived, metals). Generally, depending on the ability to stimulate bone tissue, materials for tooth or bone repair or replacement are classified as bioinert or bioactive. Bioinert materials do not stimulate bone formation but instead stimulate formation of fibrous tissue and therefore do not directly bond to bone and thus form a weak biomaterial-bone interface. Bioactive materials stimulate bone tissue formation and therefore directly bond with bone and thus form a uniquely strong biomaterial-bone interface. Bioinert materials include metals (e.g., titanium or titanium alloys, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, Co-Cr, alloys), some synthetic polymers (e.g., PEEK, Teflon-type), and some ceramics (e.g., alumina, * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: (212) 998-9580. Fax: (212) 995-4244. E-mail: rzl1@nyu.edu. Racquel Zapanta LeGeros received her Ph.D. degree from New York University. She is currently a Professor and Associate Chair of the Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics at New York University College of Dentistry. Her pioneering work was on substitution in the apatite structure and effect on properties. Her research interests includes biologic and synthetic apatites and related calcium phosphates, calcium phosphatebased biomaterials in the form of granules, scaffolds, cements, and coatings, and implant surface modifications. Her current research is on the development of calcium phosphate-based biomaterial for prevention of bone loss induced by diseases (e.g., osteoporosis), therapy (e.g., radiation), condition (e.g., mineral deficiency, immobility), and recovery of bone loss. She is married to Dr. John P. LeGeros and mother of Bernard, David, Katherine, and Alessandra. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 4742–4753 4742

Calcium phosphate-based osteoinductive materials.

Bioceramics of calcium orthophosphates

https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)33382-0/pdf

Keratinocyte–Fibroblast Interactions in Wound Healing

Adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells offer the potential to open a new frontier in medicine. Regenerative medicine aims to replace effete cells in a broad range of conditions associated with damaged cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon and ligament. However the normal process of immune rejection of mismatched allogeneic tissue would appear to prevent the realisation of such ambitions. In fact mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection in humans and in animal models. These finding are supported by in vitro co-culture studies. Three broad mechanisms contribute to this effect. Firstly, mesenchymal stem cells are hypoimmunogenic, often lacking MHC-II and costimulatory molecule expression. Secondly, these stem cells prevent T cell responses indirectly through modulation of dendritic cells and directly by disrupting NK as well as CD8+ and CD4+ T cell function. Thirdly, mesenchymal stem cells induce a suppressive local microenvironment through the production of prostaglandins and interleukin-10 as well as by the expression of indoleamine 2,3,-dioxygenase, which depletes the local milieu of tryptophan. Comparison is made to maternal tolerance of the fetal allograft, and contrasted with the immune evasion mechanisms of tumor cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are a highly regulated self-renewing population of cells with potent mechanisms to avoid allogeneic rejection.

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Mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection

A statistical analysis of 47 cases of extramammary Paget’s disease treated in the Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital

본 발명은, 종래법에 따른 마이크로 니들의 문제점을 해결하고, 천통성 및 보존성을 향상시킨 마이크로 니들을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 발명은, 약제 및 생체 분해성 고분자를 포함하는 선단부(2); 약제를 포함하지 않는 기저부(4);를 갖는 뿔체 형상의 마이크로 니들(10)로서, 선단(1)측이 선단 강화 영역(6)으로 형성되고, 상기 선단 강화 영역(6)에 인접하는 기저측(3)이 비강화 영역(7)으로 형성되어 있고, 상기 선단 강화 영역(6)의 경도가, 상기 비강화 영역(7)의 경도보다 높은 것을 특징으로 하는 상기 마이크로 니들(10)에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 마이크로 니들(10)을 구비한 마이크로 니들 패치는, 환자에게 적용 시 누름 강도를 낮게 하여, 환자의 아픔이나 공포를 경감할 수 있다.

마이크로 니들 및 그 제조 방법

The invention is a microneedle preparation administration apparatus comprising: a guide tube; a pedestal in which at least a part thereof including a front end surface is housed within the guide tube and slides in length direction; and driving means for driving the pedestal toward a front end part of the guide tube, and microneedle preparations being to be attached to the front end surface of the pedestal.

Microneedle preparation administration member for placement of objective substance in dermis, and apparatus for quick administration of microneedle preparation

Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)を用いると帯状疱疹患者の末梢血リンパ球からも水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス(varicella-zoster virus: VZV)核酸が検出される。本研究では，札幌医大附属病院皮膚科に入院しビダラビン(アラセナ®A)600mg/日を5日間投与された帯状疱疹患者10例よりリンパ球を調製し，PCRによって末梢血リンパ球のVZV gene 29およびgene 62のDNAおよびRNAの検出を行った。検討した10例のうち基礎疾患のある重症帯状疱疹の3例と中等症の1例は補体結合反応値が128倍と高値を示し，さらにPCRによりVZV DNAおよびRNAが検出された。しかし，これら4症例とも入院7～10日後(第14病日)には末梢血リンパ球からウイルス核酸は検出されなかった。他の中等症の1例と軽症5例の末梢血リンパ球からはVZV gene 29あるいは62のDNAとRNAは検出されなかった。患部皮疹が潰瘍化した重症の1例を除き，いずれの症例も3週間以内に上皮化し2～4週間後の帯状疱疹関連神経痛はVASスコアで0/5あるいは1/5まで低下した。これらの結果より，重症例ではウイルス抗体価が上昇し末梢血リンパ球にVZV遺伝子が検出され少なくとも一部のウイルス遺伝子が発現しているが，ビダラビン600mg/日，5日間の投与によって発症2週間後には末梢血よりウイルスが駆逐されると考えられた。

Ichiro Ono

Papers

A statistical analysis of 47 cases of extramammary Paget’s disease treated in the Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital

마이크로 니들 및 그 제조 방법

Microneedle preparation administration member for placement of objective substance in dermis, and apparatus for quick administration of microneedle preparation

Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus Nucleic Acids in Peripheral Lymphocytes from Patients with Herpes Zoster

A case of Stewart-Treves syndrome following treatment for breast cancer