Werner, Sabine, and Richard Grose. Regulation of Wound Healing by Growth Factors and Cytokines. Physiol Rev 83: 835–870, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00032.2002.—Cutaneous wound healing is a complex proce...

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Regulation of Wound Healing by Growth Factors and Cytokines

This review focuses on calcium phosphate-based bone substitute materials that are used (or can be used) for teeth or bone replacement, bone repair, augmentation, or regeneration. This review will also include some properties of bone (e.g., interconnected porosity, biodegradability, bioactivity, osteoconductivity) that are being mimicked in the manufacture of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials and some of the reported factors and strategies that can make the calcium phosphate-based biomaterials acquire osteoinductive properties. Archaeological findings showed that attempts to replace missing teeth date back to the prehistoric period. The materials used then included shells, corals, ivory (from elephant tusks), metals, and human (from corpses) and animal bones. Because of the practice of cremation in many societies, not much is known about prehistoric materials used to replace bones lost to accident or disease. Presently, autografts (bones obtained from another anatomic site in the same subject) remain the gold standard for bone repair, substitution, and augmentation followed by allografts (bones from another subject, such as processed cadaver bones). Autografts and allografts while having the important advantage of being osteogenic or osteoinductive (i.e., inducing bone formation), suffer from several disadvantages. With autografts the drawbacks include additional expense and trauma to the patient, possibility of donor site morbidity, and limited availability. In the case of allografts, in addition to limited supply and high cost, potential viral transmission and immunogenicity are of serious concern. Because of the high cost and limited availability of autografts and allografts, there is a great need to develop synthetic alternative biomaterials for bone replacement, repair, and augmentation. Current commercial substitute materials to replace or repair teeth and bones include metals, polymers (natural or synthetic), corals, human bones (processed cadaver bones), animal bones (processed cow bones), corals and coral derived, synthetic ceramics (calcium phosphates, calcium sulfates, calcium carbonate, bioactive glasses), and composites. It is interesting to note that several of the materials used in prehistoric times are similar to the materials used presently (e.g., coral and coral derived, animal bone derived, metals). Generally, depending on the ability to stimulate bone tissue, materials for tooth or bone repair or replacement are classified as bioinert or bioactive. Bioinert materials do not stimulate bone formation but instead stimulate formation of fibrous tissue and therefore do not directly bond to bone and thus form a weak biomaterial-bone interface. Bioactive materials stimulate bone tissue formation and therefore directly bond with bone and thus form a uniquely strong biomaterial-bone interface. Bioinert materials include metals (e.g., titanium or titanium alloys, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, Co-Cr, alloys), some synthetic polymers (e.g., PEEK, Teflon-type), and some ceramics (e.g., alumina, * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: (212) 998-9580. Fax: (212) 995-4244. E-mail: rzl1@nyu.edu. Racquel Zapanta LeGeros received her Ph.D. degree from New York University. She is currently a Professor and Associate Chair of the Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics at New York University College of Dentistry. Her pioneering work was on substitution in the apatite structure and effect on properties. Her research interests includes biologic and synthetic apatites and related calcium phosphates, calcium phosphatebased biomaterials in the form of granules, scaffolds, cements, and coatings, and implant surface modifications. Her current research is on the development of calcium phosphate-based biomaterial for prevention of bone loss induced by diseases (e.g., osteoporosis), therapy (e.g., radiation), condition (e.g., mineral deficiency, immobility), and recovery of bone loss. She is married to Dr. John P. LeGeros and mother of Bernard, David, Katherine, and Alessandra. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 4742–4753 4742

Calcium phosphate-based osteoinductive materials.

Bioceramics of calcium orthophosphates

https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)33382-0/pdf

Keratinocyte–Fibroblast Interactions in Wound Healing

Adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells offer the potential to open a new frontier in medicine. Regenerative medicine aims to replace effete cells in a broad range of conditions associated with damaged cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon and ligament. However the normal process of immune rejection of mismatched allogeneic tissue would appear to prevent the realisation of such ambitions. In fact mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection in humans and in animal models. These finding are supported by in vitro co-culture studies. Three broad mechanisms contribute to this effect. Firstly, mesenchymal stem cells are hypoimmunogenic, often lacking MHC-II and costimulatory molecule expression. Secondly, these stem cells prevent T cell responses indirectly through modulation of dendritic cells and directly by disrupting NK as well as CD8+ and CD4+ T cell function. Thirdly, mesenchymal stem cells induce a suppressive local microenvironment through the production of prostaglandins and interleukin-10 as well as by the expression of indoleamine 2,3,-dioxygenase, which depletes the local milieu of tryptophan. Comparison is made to maternal tolerance of the fetal allograft, and contrasted with the immune evasion mechanisms of tumor cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are a highly regulated self-renewing population of cells with potent mechanisms to avoid allogeneic rejection.

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Mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection

A case of multiple osteomyelitides due to Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) infection with osteosclerotic bone lesions is reported. A 67-year-old male had been suffering from persistent fever and back pain since October 1999, and 20.0-2.5 mg prednisolone per day was prescribed for continuous inflammatory symptoms in January 2000. Six months later, computed tomography revealed osteosclerotic lesions in the left femur and thoracic vertebrae, but no skin lesion associated with mastocytosis or internal malignancy was identified. In September of 2002, a dome-shaped, soft subcutaneous tumor developed on the upper sternum. Histopathological findings revealed subcutaneous adipose tissue with several foci of tiny abscesses. Two weeks later, creamy pus was discharged through a draining sinus at the center of the wound. M. avium was demonstrated in the pus by Zeel-Nielsen staining and microplate hybridization.

A case of systemic osteomyelitides due to Mycobacterium avium.

Clinical observations of coadministration of antithrombin III preparation with heparin in burned patients

https://www.jprasurg.com/article/0007-1226(91)90066-S/pdf

Correction of microtia with construction of the tragus using a chondrocutaneous flap.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a management method reducing cost of a storage/delivery system by a fork lift and accomplishing accuracy and efficient property of location management of a multi-stage rack or a flat placement warehouse. SOLUTION: One IC tag 2 is only arranged any one rack (for example, rack at the lowermost part) relative to a plurality of racks in a height direction of one row of the multi-stage rack 1, an IC tag ID, i.e., unique identification information made relevant to location of all racks in the height direction of one row at 1 to 1 is possessed on the IC tag 2 and location information of the multi-stage rack including the IC tag ID is stored, thereby, location management of the multi-stage rack 1 is performed utilizing a mounted equipment of the fork lift 5 and the IC tag 2. Thus, location management of the multi-stage rack 1 is performed utilizing the mounted equipment of the fork lift 5 and the IC tag 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Multi-stage rack location management method of storage/delivery system by fork lift and flat placement warehouse location management method of storage/delivery system by fork lift

We treated five patients with auricular deformities (microtia in microform and group IIB or III constricted ears) using the following procedure: nearly all of the contralateral conchal cartilage was resected, grafted, and sutured to supplement a cartilaginous deficit and to keep the supporting frame of conchal cartilage expanded by the double banner flap method. After this, a soft tissue deficit was reconstructed by our newly developed method of covering the defect with a triangular flap superior to the auricle by making a skin incision and a rhomboid flap anterior to the auricle. So far, we have obtained satisfactory results using this one-stage procedure.

Ichiro Ono

Papers

A case of systemic osteomyelitides due to Mycobacterium avium.

Clinical observations of coadministration of antithrombin III preparation with heparin in burned patients

Correction of microtia with construction of the tragus using a chondrocutaneous flap.

Multi-stage rack location management method of storage/delivery system by fork lift and flat placement warehouse location management method of storage/delivery system by fork lift

One-stage reconstruction of microtia in microform