Over the past decades, thermoablative techniques for the therapy of localized tumors have gained importance in the treatment of patients not eligible for surgical resection Anecdotal reports have described spontaneous distant tumor regression after thermal ablation, indicating a possible involvement of the immune system, hence an induction of antitumor immunity after thermoinduced therapy In recent years, a growing body of evidence for modulation of both adaptive and innate immunity, as well as for the induction of danger signals through thermoablation, has emerged Induced immune responses, however, are mostly weak and not sufficient for the complete eradication of established tumors or durable prevention of disease progression, and combination therapies with immunomodulating drugs are being evaluated with promising results This article aims to summarize published findings on immune modulation through radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, microwave ablation therapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and laser-induced thermotherapy

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More Than Just Tumor Destruction: Immunomodulation by Thermal Ablation of Cancer

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are chronic conditions, which have a higher risk of transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to answer the question: "What is the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders among adults?" Studies reporting the prevalence of these conditions (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis [OSMF], and actinic cheilitis) were selected, only studies in which a clinical assessment and histopathological confirmation were performed were included. Of the 5513 studies, 22 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The risk of bias (RoB) of the selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Seven studies were classified as high risk, 12 as moderate risk, and 3 as low RoB. The meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of OPMD was 4.47% (95% CI = 2.43-7.08). The most prevalent OPMDs were OSMF (4.96%; 95% CI = 2.28-8.62) and leukoplakia (4.11%; 95% CI = 1.98-6.97). OPMDs were identified more commonly in males (59.99%; 95% CI = 41.27-77.30). Asian and South American/Caribbean populations had the highest prevalence rates of 10.54% (95% CI = 4.60-18.55) and 3.93% (95% CI = 2.43-5.77), respectively. The overall prevalence of OPMD worldwide was 4.47%, and males were more frequently affected by these disorders. The prevalence of OPMD differs between populations; therefore, further population-based studies may contribute to the better understanding of these differences.

Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cheilitis granulomatosa (CG) is a cosmetically disturbing and persistent idiopathic lip swelling. It is one manifestation of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG), which is a clinical entity describing facial and oral swelling in the setting of non-caseating granulomatous inflammation and in the absence of systemic disease such as Crohn’s disease and sarcoidosis. CG can occur by itself or as part of the Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome, which includes facial palsy and a plicated tongue. Other proposed causes of OFG include dietary allergens such as cinnamon and benzoates. Similar orofacial swelling may be an early manifestation of Crohn’s disease or sarcoidosis, and so clinical history is important in diagnosis. The cause of CG has not been wholly elucidated, but a current hypothesis holds that a random influx of inflammatory cells is responsible. Other granulomatous and edematous causes of lip swelling must be investigated prior to diagnosis. Options for treatment include dietary modifications, antibiotics, systemic or intralesional corticosteroids, and surgery, although treatment is not always necessary. CG should be considered in the differential of persistent lip swelling.

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Cheilitis Granulomatosa: A Review

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to multiple cutaneous leiomyomas, renal cell carcinomas, and in women, uterine leiomyomas. Also known as Reed syndrome, it is caused by a germline heterozygous mutation of the fumarate hydratase tumor suppressor gene. HLRCC is associated with significant morbidity because of pain from cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, the cutaneous pain often of unique character. Although genetic testing is currently considered the criterion standard to diagnose HLRCC, newer immunohistochemistry markers may provide rapid and cost effective alternatives to genetic testing. Because of the potentially aggressive nature of renal cell carcinomas that develop as early as in childhood, close annual cancer surveillance is desirable in individuals with HLRCC. In this review, we offer an update and an approach to the diagnosis, management, and renal cancer surveillance in HLRCC.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome: An update and review

Oral microbiota are among the most diverse in the human body. More than 700 species have been identified in the mouth, and new sequencing methods are allowing us to discover even more species. The anatomy of the oral cavity is different from that of other body sites. The oral cavity has mucosal surfaces (the tongue, the buccal mucosa, the gingiva, and the palate), hard tissues (the teeth), and exocrine gland tissue (major and minor salivary glands), all of which present unique features for microbiota composition. The connection between oral microbiota and diseases of the human body has been under intensive research in the past years. Furthermore, oral microbiota have been associated with cancer development. Patients suffering from periodontitis, a common advanced gingival disease caused by bacterial dysbiosis, have a 2-5 times higher risk of acquiring any cancer compared to healthy individuals. Some oral taxa, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been shown to have carcinogenic potential by several different mechanisms. They can inhibit apoptosis, activate cell proliferation, promote cellular invasion, induce chronic inflammation, and directly produce carcinogens. These microbiota changes can already be seen with potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity. The causal relationship between microbiota and cancer is complex. It is difficult to accurately study the impact of specific bacteria on carcinoma development in humans. This review focuses on the elucidating the interactions between oral cavity bacterial microbiota and cancer. We gather literature on the current knowledge of the bacterial contribution to cancer development and the mechanisms behind it.

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Oral Microbiota and Cancer Development.

https://www.termedia.pl/Journal/-7/pdf-19046-10?filename=Squamous cell.pdf

Original paper Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail apparatus in the population of Northern Poland

/pdf/case-report-scleromyxoedema-in-a-70-year-old-woman-case-214sra5hpv.pdf

Case report Scleromyxoedema in a 70-year-old woman – case report and review of the literature

Introduction. Onychopapilloma is a very rare benign tumour of the nail matrix and nail bed. Clinically onychopapilloma presents as longitudinal erytronychia, exceptionally as leukonychia or melanonychia. After nail avulsion, circumscribed, keratinized cone-shaped structure is seen. In histopathology distal subungual hyperkeratosis and nail matrix metaplasia and papillomatosis are observed. Etiopathogenesis of onychopapilloma is unknown. Treatment is only surgically. Objective. Presentation of first Polish case of onychopapilloma. Case report. A 32 year-old healthy woman was admitted to our department due to subungual longitudianal tumour of the right thumb, presented as erytronychia. Lesion was excised. Histopathologic examination confirmed diagnosis of onychopapilloma. Conclusions. Onychopapilloma is a rare nail apparatus condition with uncharacteristic clinical feature. Tumour should be distinguish from inflammatory and neoplastic disorders.

Onychopapilloma – a rare tumour of the nail apparatus

Superantigens are high-molecular-weight proteins comprising a group of molecules produced by various microorganisms. They are involved in pathogenesis of several human diseases (atopic eczema, toxic shock syndrome, psoriasis, Kawasaki disease). In contrast to conventional antigens, superantigens bypass intracellular processing and bind directly to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule, on the surface of the antigen processing cell, outside the antigen-binding groove. Superantigens are characterized by their capacity to stimulate a large number of T-cells. The superantigen then cross-links the MHC class II molecule on the antigen presenting cell with T-cells according to the composition of the variable region of the T-cell receptor Vβ chain, leading to polyclonal T-cell activation and cytokine release. We present the current knowledge concerning the role of staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens in some skin diseases. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: erytrodermia, superantygeny, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes.

The role of bacterial superantigens in skin diseases

Introduction: Introduction: In the differential diagnosis of pearly penile papules there should be considered: ectopic sebaceous glands, genital warts, molluscum contagiosum and rarely lichen nitidus. In connection with the wide spread of human papilloma virus, pearly penile papules are often misdiagnosed as genital warts. Aims: To research specific, typical features of pearly penile papules in dermoscopy and determine the usefulness of this method in differential diagnosis of pearly penile papules and genital warts. Material and methods: Seven patients with isolated PPP and 5 patients with coexisting PPP and genital warts were subjected to clinical and dermoscopic examination.

http://www.termedia.pl/Journal/-7/pdf-12853-1?filename=Przydatnosc dermoskopii.pdf

Igor Michajłowski

Papers

Original paper Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail apparatus in the population of Northern Poland

Case report Scleromyxoedema in a 70-year-old woman – case report and review of the literature

Onychopapilloma – a rare tumour of the nail apparatus

The role of bacterial superantigens in skin diseases

Original papers Usefulness of dermoscopy for diagnosing pearly penile papules