Integrated approach of AHP and TOPSIS (MCDM) techniques with GIS for dam site suitability mapping: a case study of Navsari City, Gujarat, India

Abstract Ethiopia is Africa's second-most populous country, after Nigeria, and is primarily a farming community with low productivity that is heavily reliant on rain-fed agriculture. Water scarcity, global warming, and rising population all necessitate more effective water conservation methods. As a result, the demand for dams is increasing dramatically in order to provide the community with safe drinking water, electricity, and irrigation to ensure food security. The goal of this study was to use remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques in conjunction with the dam suitability stream model and multi-criteria decision analysis to identify potential sites for multi-purpose dam construction. The study used six influencing factors to find suitable dam sites, with the model's suitability stream and overall suitability output maps proposed and evaluated as a result. Based on the topography and land use, the results showed that three proposed dam sites in the upper part of the watershed are likely preferable for irrigation, fishery, and clean drinking water supply. The three proposed dam sites in the watershed's lower reaches, however, are better suited to hydropower generation. In addition, remote sensing and GIS are useful in dam/reservoir site selection because they allow decision-makers to create, manipulate, and manage relevant thematic layers. 

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Suitable dam site identification using GIS-based MCDA: a case study of Chemoga watershed, Ethiopia

Water scarcity is one of the most pressing concerns facing the world in the 21st century. The groundwater reserves are being depleted at a much faster rate than they can be replenished by precipitation. This problem can be avoided through the proper identification of rainwater harvesting sites and management of the water resources. Kumari River basin is a semi-arid, hard rock landscape where water scarcity has been a serious concern for decades. The main objective of this research is to identify suitable sites for surface rainwater harvesting (SRWH) in Kumari River basin using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques. To estimate the SRWH sites in the Kumari basin, 12 factors are taken into consideration. The suitability map is classified into 4 classes of which 20.26% show high suitability zones, 32.74% are moderately suitable zones, 29.40% are less suitable zones and 17.60% are unsuitable zones. The validation has been done by Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve using the 52 existing check dam sites, whose predictive accuracy value is 87.4%, which indicates an excellent accuracy rate of the model. Through this study, sites for the construction of SRWH structures, including 32 suitable check dam sites, 17 earthen dam sites, 35 percolation tank sites, 24 farm pond sites, and 19 gulley plug sites, have been proposed. The findings of this study will help policymakers and planners in developing sustainable water resources management plans and scientific strategies to enhance irrigational potentiality. 

Identification of suitable sites for surface rainwater harvesting in the drought prone Kumari River basin, India in the context of irrigation water management

Abstract Hydroelectric power plants, which are a renewable energy source, have a significant role to play in the fight against climate change and global warming. For this reason, it is of great importance for a country to use its domestic resources in the most efficient and effective way. Using a GIS-based model method, locations having theoretical hydroelectric energy potential were identified in the Buyuk Menderes basin, one of Turkey's largest basins. According to the installed power potential on the examined basin, 33 sites below 10 MW, 57 sites between 10 and 50 MW, 4 sites between 50 and 100 MW, and 1 site over 100 MW were found as a consequence of the study. At the same time, the reliability of the results was debated after they were compared to the installed power of two important hydroelectric power facilities in the basin. The analysis found that the installed power of Adıgüzel and Kemer HEPPs in the relevant site, which had 62 MW and 48 MW installed power, respectively, was 80 MW and 69 MW. The calculations assume that the turbine is 100% efficient. However, when considering a turbine efficiency of 70%-80%, the findings are close to the true values. While the theoretical hydroelectric energy potential in the whole basin is 886.55 MW at 70% turbine efficiency, the installed power in the basin is currently 302.02 MW. According to these results, only 34.07% of the total hydro potential in the basin is used today. 

/pdf/investigation-of-theoretical-hydroelectric-potential-with-ivut2q7g.pdf

Investigation of theoretical hydroelectric potential with GIS-based model in Buyuk Menderes Basin, Turkey

ABSTRACT In this study, using a Geographical Information System (GIS) based model method, locations having theoretical hydroelectric energy potential were identified in the Buyuk Menderes basin, one of Turkey's largest basins. According to the installed power potential on the examined basin, 33 sites below 10 MW, 57 sites between 10 and 50 MW, 4 sites between 50 and 100 MW, and 1 site over 100 MW were found as a consequence of the study. While the theoretical hydroelectric energy potential in the whole basin is 886.55 MW at 70% turbine efficiency, the installed power in the basin is currently 302.02 MW. According to these results, only 34.07% of the total hydro potential in the basin is used today.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14786451.2022.2147525?needAccess=true

Small hydropower (SHP) is one of the most critical renewable energy that is well adapted to the rural localities in less developed countries across the world. Most rural communities in Nigeria are off the national power grid and are bedevilled by an inconsistent supply of electricity. The one possible panacea to the rural energy crisis is harnessing the terrain and abundant rivers and streams within their domain. This study aimed to identify and select suitable sites for the SHP dam in the upper Benue river watershed. Ten thematic layers, land use, precipitation, geology, soil, slope, elevation, stream power index, topographic wetness index, drainage density, and flow, were integrated with Geographic information system and Analytical hierarchy process. A composite suitability map created revealed that 7.5% of the watershed is of a very high suitable class, while 17.5% of the watershed is of a very low suitable class. To select an ideal location, a semi-automatic approach was developed to identify narrow valleys by intersecting contour with stream order and the suitability layer. Eighteen (18) potential dam sites were identified after a query operation was done. The developed method was validated using field data which were correlated with the model output using t-Test; paired two samples for the mean. A strong Pearson correlation of 0.71 between the field data and the semi-automatic approach was observed. The approach offers good prospects for dam site selection. Based on a field survey, the potential dam sites are feasible economically and technically for SHP dam construction that will provide cheap renewable energy to millions of inhabitants in the watershed.

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Ihenacho Nnaemeka

Papers

Small hydropower dam site suitability modelling in upper Benue river watershed, Nigeria