Part 1 The foundations of economic valuation: the uses of economic valuation the nature of economic valuation and economic efficiency economic valuation and other values economic valuation when there are no markets economic valuation and the demand curve willingness to pay and willingness to accept total economic value and aggregation total economic value aggregating across individuals - stakeholder analysis aggregating across individuals - distributional adjustments aggregation over time stated preferences and public participation. Part 2 Commissioning a stated preference study: defining the context is economic valuation necessary and credible? what alternative and appropriate procedures are available? how credible will the results be? the cost of the study "mixed" valuation and non-valuation approaches choosing between economic valuation techniques use and non-use values attributes and total values hard versus soft data contexts where given techniques cannot be applied other considerations commissioning a valuation study - a checklist social goals and CBA the required level of accuracy the issue of "standing" issues with stated preference techniques using expert advice assessing the consultants a typical workplan for a stated preference study. Part 3 Population, sample and survey mode: defining the target population the need for and the importance of sampling the sampling frame choosing the sample non-probabilistic design probabilistic design choosing the survey mode choosing the sample size. Part 4 Designing a contingent valuation questionnaire: useful lessons from other disciplines the stages of designing a CV questionnaire what is the policy change being valued? constructing the valuation scenario eliciting monetary values debriefing and follow-up questions attitudes, opinions, knowledge and uses demographics questionnaire structure pre-testing the main survey. Part 5 Contingent valuation - analyzing the results: contingent valuation data sets data on WTP missing data on WTP data on determinants of WTP missing data on household characteristics specification of the bid function the theoretical model the analyst's model -the utility difference approach the analyst's model - the bid function approach which are better - utility difference models or bid function models? estimating mean and median WTP models for testing the validity of WTP values models for benefits transfer exercises conclusions. Part 6 Designing a choice modelling questionnaire: what is choice modelling? main CM approaches choice experiments contingent ranking contingent rating paired comparisons common design stages selection of attributes assignment of levels choice of experimental design construction of choice sets measurement of preferences advantages and disadvantages of choice experiments relative to other economic valuation techniques advantages disadvantages do choice modelling approaches solve a

Economic Valuation with State-Preference Techniques: A Manual

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The State of the Art of Discrete Choice Experiments in Food Research

This study examined the acceptability of different silvicultural treatments to restore pine barrens, an open, fire-dependent forest landscape type globally imperiled across the northern Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. In an online survey, we asked family-forest owners (N = 466) in Northeastern Wisconsin about the acceptability of pine barrens restoration treatments through ratings of both verbal descriptions and visual scenarios. An informational statement about pine barrens restoration purposes and goals preceded ratings for half the sample. Across the entire sample, acceptability ratings for eleven verbally-described treatments generally declined as treatments became more intensive, creating greater openness on the landscape. Information recipients found two groups of treatments identified by factor analysis (selective openings, fire) more acceptable than non-recipients, and cluster analysis identified four respondent subgroups, each with varying levels of acceptability. The respondents also rated the acceptability of visual scenarios, with treatment attribute combinations portraying a range of likely restoration alternatives. While we generally found correspondence between verbal and visual acceptability ratings across the entire sample, the groups distinguished by their verbal acceptability ratings did not substantially differ in how they rated the acceptability of the visual scenarios. Implications are discussed for designing and communicating the purpose and value of restoration treatments to stakeholder groups.

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Landowner Acceptability of Silvicultural Treatments to Restore an Open Forest Landscape

• Redesigned paper-based packaging with obvious recovered waste content was perceived by consumers as more environmentally friendly. • Obvious recovered waste content acted as clues for environmental sustainability . • Brown paper packaging (made with recycled linerboard) was preferred over white paper packaging (made with bleached pulp). • Paper packaging with obvious agricultural waste was preferred over paper packaging with paper waste. • The consumer survey presentation format (online vs. in-person) significantly influenced respondents’ preference decisions. This study explores consumers’ visual sustainability impressions of paper-based packaging that has incorporated obvious waste content. Two research questions were addressed concerning (i) the environmental sustainability perception of noticeable waste content in packaging and (ii) the impact of the presentation format (i.e., online versus in-person surveys) when studying these perceptions. Best-worst scaling experiments were conducted, which made respondents choose the ‘most’ and ‘least’ environmentally friendly package. Packages were designed using paperboard substrates blending either brown linerboard or white hardwood pulp with different recovered waste materials. The results showed that consumers perceive obvious waste-containing packaging as more environmentally friendly than classical packaging (with no visual waste). Samples with a brown base and agricultural waste were perceived as more sustainable compared to white packaging and the use of paper waste. In addition, the presentation format changed respondents’ perception, and should therefore be carefully considered when designing surveys. 

Environmental sustainability perception toward obvious recovered waste content in paper-based packaging: An online and in-person survey best-worst scaling experiment

Comparing self-navigation and video mode in a choice experiment to measure public space preferences

Can immersive virtual reality increase respondents’ certainty in discrete choice experiments? A comparison with traditional presentation formats

Abstract While human perception can play a role in influencing public support for species conservation, the mechanisms underlying human perception remain poorly understood. Some previous studies on perception have focused on a few specific taxa, which makes the understanding of the public perception of species at large a resource- and time-intensive task. Here, we introduce the World Archives of Species Perception project that consists of an animal survey and a plant survey to construct the first systematic database to study the human perception of the floral and faunal diversity at a global scale. We provide a description of our survey method, species selection, survey implementation and a discussion of the potential uses of our databases in multidisciplinary research. In the animal survey, we cover 1980 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)–evaluated species, representing 25 classes, 192 orders, 1037 families and 1705 genera. In the plant survey, we cover 2000 IUCN-evaluated species, representing 13 classes, 93 orders, 386 families and 1968 genera. Data from the survey will be collected and made available 24 months after the publication of the article. Database URL http://wasp-project.net/

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Ilias Mokas

Papers

Can immersive virtual reality increase respondents’ certainty in discrete choice experiments? A comparison with traditional presentation formats

WASP: the World Archives of Species Perception