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Soil Chemical Analysis

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Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods

Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands.

Heavy metals in soils

In this paper, 108 traditional medicinal plants from Izmir Province in Turkey have been reported. One hundred eight plant species belonging to 54 families and among them 94 species were wild and 14 species were cultivated plants. The informant consensus factor (Fic) and the fidelity level (FL) of the species were determined. The category that has the highest Fic value is Cold and Influenza(0.82) followed by Cough (0.73). The lowest is Hemorrhoids and Enteritis (0.33).Allium cepa and Urtica dioica (100%) has the highest fidelity level and Nigella segetalis (33%) has the lowest. Most used families were Lamiaceae, Asteraceae,Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Apiaceae. The traditional medicinal plants have been mostly used for the treatment of kidney ailments (43,5%), stomach (31.4%), cough (17.6%), wounds (17.4%), hemorrhoids and enteritis (15.7), cold and influenza (13,8%), gall bladder ailments (10,2).

	 

	Key words: Informant consensus factor, fidelity level, therapeutic plants, Izmir.

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The investigation and quantitative ethnobotanical evaluation of medicinal plants used around Izmir province, Turkey

The present study was carried out to ascertain the level of various metals in wheat variety (Chagi–4) irrigated with diverse doses of wastewater. The concentration of metals in soil, water and wheat grain samples was examined through an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In wheat grains, the mean values of metals (mg/kg) varied from 0.06 to 0.2 for Pb, 1.2 to 1.6 for Cd, 0.6 to 0.9 for Ni, 0.8 to 1.6 for Fe, 0.4 to 1.0 for Mn, 0.7 to 1.4 for Cu, 0.3 to 0.5 for Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 for Zn and 0.03 to 0.2 for Co, correspondingly. Measured concentrations were found within the permissible limit given by FAO/WHO except for cadmium whose concentration exceeded an acceptable limit 0.2 mg/kg suggested by FAO/WHO. It might be due to high soil pH, which hinders the efficient transfer of metals between different mediums. Wastewater irrigated soil, wheat and water had high metal values, but the low rate of transfer was noticed from soil to grains. Higher bioconcentration factor was obtained for manganese and cadmium; cadmium had even higher pollution load index, which could indicate the contamination status of soil. Therefore, regular monitoring of wastewater is necessary to prevent the excessive build-up of metals.

Evaluation of Potential Toxic Metals Accumulation in Wheat Irrigated with Wastewater

:Heavy metals are significant and extremely persistent environmental pollutants and their toxicity is a problem of increasing significance for ecological, nutritional, and environmental reasons. Biomonitoring methods are gaining more importance because they allow for prediction, detection, and control of potential environmental hazards caused by heavy metal pollution. The objective of the present study was to collect and analyze research on heavy metal accumulation in plant samples using spectrometric detection techniques in Turkey published between 2003 and 2013. Five main criteria were predetermined to limit the study and better portray the studies on heavy metal accumulation using plant samples in Turkey. These criteria were as follows: studies aiming to determine heavy metal accumulation levels, studies sampling plant species growing at various localities in Turkey, studies using spectrometric detection techniques, studies published as journal articles, and studies undertaken between 2003 and ...

Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Plant Samples by Spectrometric Techniques in Turkey

The increase in industrial activities and human population and the high urbanization in the study area have made the area one of the most rapidly developing areas in Turkey. However, because of this, environmental problems have rapidly increased in Western Anatolia. The Pinus brutia (Pinaceae) (Turkish red pine) is a widespread evergreen tree in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey. The needles and bark of P. brutia were tested as a possible biomonitor of trace element pollution in Western Anatolia. Samples were collected from 30 different stations in the industrial, suburban, roadside, rural and control areas. Throughout the region, an area covering approximately 1/8th of Turkey was investigated. The concentration of lead, cadmium, chromium, iron, nickel and copper (μg g -1 , dry weight) in the needles and bark of the red pine was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The highest concentration of all these elements was measured in the industrial areas. The maximum values of Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cu for the needles of P. brutia in these areas was 12.1, 0.54, 12.12, 595.5, 10.4, and 10.1 μg g-1 in dry weight, respectively and for the bark of P. brutia in these areas was 20.03, 0.71, 3.17, 1274.04, 18.87, and 15.30 μg g-1 in dry weight, respectively. This study demonstrates that the bark of P. brutia can be used as a biomonitor for detecting the

Turkish red pine as a biomonitor: a comparative study of the accumulation of trace elements in the needles and bark.

In recent years, Mediterranean diet has been promoted as a model for healthy eating. One of the main characteristics of the Mediterranean diet is an abundance of plant food as fruits, vegetables, whole-grain cereals, nuts, and legumes. This paper compiles and evaluates the ethnobotanical knowledge currently available on wild edible plants sold in the local markets and traditionally used for human consumption in Izmir, a province on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The information about the use of wild edible plants was collected from 18 different open-air-markets in the city during two-year period, through unstructured interviews. In this study, a total of 46 wild edible plant taxa were established and also plant parts used, ethnographic data related to vernacular names, traditional tools and recipes were recorded. Family Asteraceae is represented by the highest number of taxa (7), followed by Apiaceae (6), Polygonaceae, Liliaceae and Lamiaceae (4), Amaranthaceae and Brassicaceae (2). The study showed that the plants used are either eaten raw, cooked by boiling in water, frying in oil or baked to be served as dishes such as stew, salad as hot drink. During this ethnobotanical research, it was verified that wild edible plants play an important role in diet in Izmir. However, it was observed that the transfer of folk uses of these plants decreased in the last generations. In this context, the ethnobotanical research about wild edible plants should be extended to other areas of Turkey in order not only to preserve the traditional knowledge related to plants, but also to make it available for future generations as well.

Ilker Ugulu

Papers

The investigation and quantitative ethnobotanical evaluation of medicinal plants used around Izmir province, Turkey

Evaluation of Potential Toxic Metals Accumulation in Wheat Irrigated with Wastewater

Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Plant Samples by Spectrometric Techniques in Turkey

Turkish red pine as a biomonitor: a comparative study of the accumulation of trace elements in the needles and bark.

Wild edible plants sold in the local markets of izmir, turkey