A novel frequency reconfigurable antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for S-band and C-band applications is proposed. The antenna employs a SIW resonant cavity structure with a rectangular-ring slot and a long slit etched on the top surface. An extra via post is introduced to adjust the resonance frequency of the low-frequency mode independently without affecting the impedance matching of the high-frequency mode or decreasing the gain. Several PIN diodes are symmetrically placed along the rectangular-ring slot to attach the patch to the top surface. The working state of PIN diodes is controlled by a simplified bias structure. A prototype was fabricated and measurements show the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 18 MHz in S-band low-frequency mode and 322 MHz in C-band high-frequency mode. Good agreements between the simulated and measured return losses, as well as radiation patterns, are observed.

/pdf/frequency-reconfigurable-antenna-based-on-substrate-2enl13uggn.pdf

Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide for S-Band and C-Band Applications

A comprehensive survey of the reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) is made in this paper. Beam-steering and unique radiating features of LWA are highlighted particularly. Therefore, the radiation mechanism of different types of LWA, including uniform, quasi-uniform, periodic, and metamaterial LWAs are discussed in detail. The guiding structures for realizing LWAs, namely microstrip, waveguide, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), and half-mode SIW (HMSIW) are investigated as well. Basic concepts of electronic beam-scanning LWAs are also introduced, and several state-of-the-art reconfigurable LWAs are studied thoroughly. The investigated reconfigurable LWAs are suitable for beam-scanning applications due to their compactness, ease of implementation, reasonably high gain, and relatively wide beam-scanning range, as will be demonstrated through this comprehensive review.

/pdf/a-review-of-reconfigurable-leaky-wave-antennas-178hjhdqvs.pdf

A Review of Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Antennas

A conformal transverse slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) metamaterial leaky-wave antenna sensor with uniform slots is investigated and analyzed for mmWave sensing applications. Firstly, its planar version is introduced. Then, its performance is compared with the curved SIW antenna. The metamaterial characteristics of the antennas are investigated. The transverse slots on the array forms a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial structure that controls the radiation direction as the function of frequency. It behaves like a left handed metamaterial and radiates backward in the lower frequencies of the band (28-45GHz), whereas it behaves like a right handed metamaterial that scans forward direction at the higher frequencies (45-62GHz). Approximately 80° beam scanning is obtained in curved version with acceptable side lobe levels, whereas 110° beam steering is achieved with the planar version. Theoretical analysis and the simulation results are confirmed successfully by the experimental results in the 28–40 GHz band. Besides, a practical example of conformal SIW metamaterial antenna on military helmet made of a ballistic material is illustrated. The calculated spatial peak power density values of the proposed curved SIW metamaterial antenna on the outer surface of a head phantom are demonstrated.

Frequency Scanning Conformal Sensor Based on SIW Metamaterial Antenna

The rapid development of wireless technology has sparked interest in multi-band reconfigurable antennas as devices and satellites are innovating toward miniaturization. With limited space, reliable and efficient high bandwidth antenna systems are needed for current and next-generation wireless technology as well as for the revolutionary small satellites. The fifth generation of mobile communication technology promises high data rates, low latency and good spectrum efficiency. One of the key enablers of this technology is the integration of satellite technology-particularly CubeSats with terrestrial communication technologies. Next-generation antennas that can meet functional requirements for 5G and CubeSat applications are therefore of fundamental importance. These antenna systems should have large bandwidth, high gain and efficiency and be compact in size. Reconfigurable antennas can provide different configurations in terms of the operating frequency, radiation pattern and polarization. Tuning reconfigurable antennas can be done by changing the physical parameters of the antenna elements through electronic switches, optical switches and the use of meta-materials. The most popular implementation method for reconfigurable antennas for wireless and satellite communication is the electronic switching method due to its high reliability, efficiency, and ease of integration with microwave circuitry. In this article, different techniques for implementing reconfigurable and multi-band antennas are reviewed, with emphasis on two main application areas; 5G wireless communication and CubeSat application. Different reconfiguration techniques have been studied for application in various wireless communication systems such as satellite communication, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, cognitive radio and 5G communication. It has been found that reconfigurable antennas have favourable properties for next-generation wireless technology and small satellites. These properties include low cost, less volume requirements and good isolation between wireless standards. 

/pdf/multiband-reconfigurable-antennas-for-5g-wireless-and-3e0s1x11.pdf

Multiband Reconfigurable Antennas for 5G Wireless and CubeSat Applications: A Review

The rapid development of wireless technology has sparked interest in multi-band reconfigurable antennas as devices and satellites are innovating toward miniaturization. With limited space, reliable and efficient high bandwidth antenna systems are needed for current and next-generation wireless technology as well as for the revolutionary small satellites. The fifth generation of mobile communication technology promises high data rates, low latency and good spectrum efficiency. One of the key enablers of this technology is the integration of satellite technology-particularly CubeSats with terrestrial communication technologies. Next-generation antennas that can meet functional requirements for 5G and CubeSat applications are therefore of fundamental importance. These antenna systems should have large bandwidth, high gain and efficiency and be compact in size. Reconfigurable antennas can provide different configurations in terms of the operating frequency, radiation pattern and polarization. Tuning reconfigurable antennas can be done by changing the physical parameters of the antenna elements through electronic switches, optical switches and the use of meta-materials. The most popular implementation method for reconfigurable antennas for wireless and satellite communication is the electronic switching method due to its high reliability, efficiency, and ease of integration with microwave circuitry. In this article, different techniques for implementing reconfigurable antennas are reviewed, with emphasis on two main application areas; 5G wireless communication and CubeSat application. Different reconfiguration techniques have been studied for application in various wireless communication systems such as satellite communication, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, cognitive radio and 5G communication. It has been found that reconfigurable antennas have favourable properties for next-generation wireless technology and small satellites. These properties include low cost, less volume requirements and good isolation between wireless standards.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09754587.pdf

Multi-Band Reconfigurable Antennas For 5G Wireless and CubeSat Applications: A Review

A novel reconfigurable slotted leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with a fixed-frequency beam-steering capability is presented in this paper. For improved compactness, the structure is based on a SIW technology with rectangular slots fed by associated coupling with plated-through holes (PTH).This represents a new feeding method for etched slots in SIW antennas. Each via is loaded with a pin diode on both sides frontend of the waveguide. The pin diodes are tunable by adjusting the DC bias voltage, which results in beam scanning at a fixed frequency of around 27 GHz. Thus an electronically controlled steerable SIW antenna has been designed and experimentally verified that the radiation angle varies from -33° to +33°.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02537186/document

Reconfigurable SIW Antenna for Fixed Frequency Beam Scanning and 5G Applications

A new solution for feeding the engraved slot antennas based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented in this letter. The structure is designed to operate at 25 GHz for beam-tilting and fifth-generation applications. Here several passive SIW slot antennas are proposed to cover an area from −56° to +56° with an offset of 10° at the operating frequency without using any phased shifter, in order to limit the losses. This new feeding approach is developed by using associated SIW holes to excite differently the centered slots located on the SIW structure broad face via coplanar lines. The electrical phase shifts are controlled by the position and number (one or two) of coplanar lines, and the combined slot configurations achieve beam-tilting function.

Design of Coplanar Slotted SIW Antenna Arrays for Beam-Tilting and 5G Applications

This paper presents a new design of a conformal SIW antenna for beam scanning and 5G applications. The presented antenna is designed at 26 GHz. It is based on 10 L-shaped slots engraved on the broad wall of the substrate-integrated waveguide. The beam steering is controlled by using PIN-Diodes inserted in each slot to ensure switching and selecting the radiant elements for desired direction.

A New Design of Reconfigurable SIW Antenna Conformal to Cylindrical Surface

This paper presents a new switched beam antenna array working at 26GHz for future 5G application, based on the sub-arrays containing an association of various shaped slot ( L, U, S) engraved in Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW). The phase shift between each slot is obtained by adjusting the position of transversal slots. The beam tilt is obtained by choosing the adequate slots combination. Finally SPDT switches can be used to control the antenna beam in 8 different directions between −46° and 46° in the same plane or to combine different sub-arrays to carry out multi-beams antenna array. Results of simulations (CST Microwave) are given and validate the proposed solution.

Beam-scanning SIW antennas based on association of various shaped slots

A new solution for reconfigurable antennas based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented in this paper. The structure is designed to operate at 25 GHz for beam-scanning applications. An active coplanar slotted SIW antenna is proposed to cover an area from −32° to +32° with an offset of 9° at the operating frequency without using any phased shifter. The design is based on slots located at the broad face of the SIW structure which are fed by associated SIW holes to excite directly the centered slots via coplanar lines. Each feeder is loaded with a pin diode as binary switch to achieve the electronically beam-scanning function.

Imane Serhsouh

Papers

Reconfigurable SIW Antenna for Fixed Frequency Beam Scanning and 5G Applications

Design of Coplanar Slotted SIW Antenna Arrays for Beam-Tilting and 5G Applications

A New Design of Reconfigurable SIW Antenna Conformal to Cylindrical Surface

Beam-scanning SIW antennas based on association of various shaped slots

Reconfigurable Coplanar Slotted SIW Antenna Array for Fixed Frequency Beam Scanning Applications