Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a phenomenon inherent to hepatic surgery that severely compromises the organ functionality, whose underlying mechanisms involve cellular and molecular interrelated processes leading to the development of an excessive inflammatory response. Liver resident cells and those recruited in response to injury generate pro-inflammatory signals such as reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, proteases and lipid mediators that contribute to hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis. Besides, dying hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns that activate inflammasomes to further stimulate inflammatory responses leading to massive cell death. Since liver IRI is a complication of hepatic surgery in man, extensive preclinical studies have assessed potential protective strategies, including the supplementation with natural compounds, with the objective to downregulate nuclear factor-κB functioning, the main effector of inflammatory responses. This can be accomplished by either the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, G protein-coupled receptor 120 or antioxidant signaling pathways, the synthesis of specific pro-resolving mediators, downregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 activity or additional contributory mechanisms that are beginning to be understood. The latter aspect is a crucial issue to be accomplished in preclinical studies, in order to establish adequate conditions for the supplementation with natural products before major liver surgeries in man involving warm IR, such as hepatic trauma or resection of large intrahepatic tumors.

Beneficial effects of natural compounds on experimental liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Angelica furcijuga (A. furcijuga), as a material for traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in Asian countries, such as China, Korea, and Japan, for several centuries owing to its therapeutic effects. In this study, A. furcijuga leaves were used as starting materials to extract functional substances using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) at pressure and temperature ranges of 20–40 MPa and 40–80 °C, respectively. The extraction process was performed in a semibatch-type system with extraction times of 15–120 min. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that kaempferol, ferulic acid, ligustilide, and butylidenephthalide as selected functional substances were successfully extracted under these operating conditions. An operating pressure of 30 MPa with an extraction time of 60 min seems to be an appropriate pressure to extract functional components from A. furcijuga leaves. The Hansen solubility parameter values and statistical analysis showed that SC-CO2 with 10% ethanol addition is a feasible tool to isolate these selected functional substances from the A. furcijuga matrix.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.1c06105

Extraction of Functional Components from Freeze-Dried Angelica furcijuga Leaves Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Evaluation of olive mill wastewater as culture medium to produce lipolytic enzymes by Bacillus aryabhattai BA03

A Pioneering Study on the Recovery of Valuable Functional Compounds from Olive Pomace by using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction: Comparison of Perlite Addition and Drying

Meloxicam is widely prescribed as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug in human therapeutics. Owing the very low aqueous solubility of meloxicam, this property has been studied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-aqueous solvent systems at several temperatures from 273.15 to 313.15 K to expand the solubility database about analgesic drugs in mixed solvents. The flask shake method followed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry analysis were used for meloxicam solubility determinations. A number of cosolvency models, including the Jouyban–Acree model, were challenged for solubility correlation/prediction of this drug in these mixtures. The van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations were employed to calculate the apparent standard thermodynamic quantities relative to dissolution and mixing processes. The inverse Kirkwood–Buff integral method was employed for calculating the preferential solvation parameters of meloxicam by DMSO in the mixtures. Meloxicam solubility increases with increasing temperature and maximum solubilities are observed in neat DMSO at all temperatures studied. Dissolution processes were endothermic in all cases and entropy-driven in the composition interval of 0.40 ≤ x1 ≤ 1.00. A nonlinear enthalpy–entropy relationship was observed in the plot of enthalpy vs. Gibbs energy for drug transfer processes. Meloxicam is preferentially solvated by water in water-rich mixtures but preferentially solvated by DMSO in the composition interval of 0.21 < x1 < 1.00.

/pdf/increasing-the-equilibrium-solubility-of-meloxicam-in-ds7audfp.pdf

Increasing the Equilibrium Solubility of Meloxicam in Aqueous Media by Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as a Cosolvent: Correlation, Dissolution Thermodynamics and Preferential Solvation

The olive growing in Tunisia has an economic dominance and agricultural importance. However, the huge extraction of olive oil generates a large quantity of olive mill wastewater (OMW), which is discharged to the surroundings. The highly polluting potential (organic load) of OMW threatens the environment and requires an urgent solution. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a green extraction method that can be applied to purify OMW and, at the same time, to isolate a high quality oil from this wastewater. In order to explore and to valorize the compositions of Olive mill wastewater (OMW), extraction in different solvents (supercritical CO2, hexane) was carried out and chemical composition of the extracted oils were established by GC-FID. The Tunisia OMW were collected from two different zones namely Sousse and Sfax. In this work, we have investigated the effects pressure (P) and temperature (T) on the yield and the quality of oil. The suitable conditions for the extraction of oil from lyophilized OMW by Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were found to be the pressure of 30 MPa and the temperature of 60 °C. In order to simulate the process, the model of broken and intact cells (Sovova’s model) was applied. The model well represented the experimental data. Oil yields ranged from 21.3 % to 33.87 % depending on the extraction solvent used. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the major compounds of the oils, based on the fatty acid analysis. Chromatographic analysis revealed that the chemical compositions vary from one region to another, extraction solvent as well as the conditions of pressure and temperature.

Extraction of lyophilized olive mill wastewater using supercritical CO2 processes

Hydroxytyrosol (HXT) (also known as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol,) is a biophenol extracted from olive. HXT is known for its high antioxidant significance effect. In this work, we focused on the study of the behavior of the solubility of HXT in binary solvent mixtures (ethanol + water) as well as the thermodynamic proprieties. The solubility of HXT in water, ethanol and in binary solvent mixtures (ethanol + water) was measured at five different temperatures from (293.15 to 318.15) K. The enthalpy of fusion and the melting point of HXT were experimentally determined since they are essential for the study of the of solubility and crystallization process. Thermodynamic properties of dissolution of the HXT (Gibbs energy (ΔsolG°), molar enthalpy of dissolution (ΔsolH°), and molar entropy of dissolution (ΔsolS°)) are predicted using the van’t Hoff analysis, the Gibbs equation, and the measured solubilities data. The preferential solvation has been determined using the inverse Kirkwood–Buff integral (IKBI) theory.

Solubility of Hydroxytyrosol in binary mixture of ethanol + water from (293.15 to 318.15) K: Measurement, correlation, dissolution thermodynamics and preferential solvation

Imen Dali

Papers

Extraction of lyophilized olive mill wastewater using supercritical CO2 processes

Solubility of Hydroxytyrosol in binary mixture of ethanol + water from (293.15 to 318.15) K: Measurement, correlation, dissolution thermodynamics and preferential solvation