https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.22848

Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/0016-5085(95)90708-4/pdf

Intestinal permeability: an overview.

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/0016-5085(95)90027-6/pdf

Antibiotics prevent liver injury in rats following long-term exposure to ethanol

Alcohol dependence has traditionally been considered a brain disorder. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota has recently been shown to be present in psychiatric disorders, which suggests the possibility of gut-to-brain interactions in the development of alcohol dependence. The aim of the present study was to explore whether changes in gut permeability are linked to gut-microbiota composition and activity in alcohol-dependent subjects. We also investigated whether gut dysfunction is associated with the psychological symptoms of alcohol dependence. Finally, we tested the reversibility of the biological and behavioral parameters after a short-term detoxification program. We found that some, but not all, alcohol-dependent subjects developed gut leakiness, which was associated with higher scores of depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving after 3 wk of abstinence, which may be important psychological factors of relapse. Moreover, subjects with increased gut permeability also had altered composition and activity of the gut microbiota. These results suggest the existence of a gut-brain axis in alcohol dependence, which implicates the gut microbiota as an actor in the gut barrier and in behavioral disorders. Thus, the gut microbiota seems to be a previously unidentified target in the management of alcohol dependence.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/42/E4485.full.pdf

Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity

Increased intestinal permeability to macromolecules and endotoxemia in patients with chronic alcohol abuse in different stages of alcohol-induced liver disease

Ingvar Bjarnason

Papers

The leaky gut of alcoholism: possible route of entry for toxic compounds

Intestinal permeability, non-steroidal anti-inflammator y drugenteropathy andinflammatory boweldisease: anoverview