work that qualitative research can often be, especially among researchers who come from similar backgrounds as their participants. Another strength lies in the chapters that are international in focus. The methodological concerns in the United States are not always the concerns in other parts of the world. Chapters bring in data and research experience from the United Kingdom, Australia, and Cyprus in particular. A number of chapters also cover intersecting areas of identities; two chapters focus on religious LGBTQ research and a number layer in racial and ethnic complexities. Perhaps both topics can be given greater space should future editions be planned—work emerging from Africa, Asia, or South America would be especially helpful to researchers interested in populations within these areas. Furthermore, examination of methodological concerns among non-heterosexual U.S. African American or Latino populations could also strengthen coverage of intersecting identities. Some drawbacks of the edited volume are present. First, there appear to be a number of typographical errors in the book’s introduction. Regardless, these errors do not detract from the larger mission of the book. Also, while subsequent chapters are accessible to advanced undergraduates and graduate students, the introductory chapter is written at a level that may alienate some readers. Lastly, greater efforts could be made toward trans-inclusive research methodologies (see for example Meier and Labuski’s Chapter Sixteen in International Handbook on the Demography of Sexuality [2013]). While transgender individuals are not necessarily nonheterosexuals, there are often sizeable proportions of trans people who also identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer, or other identities who also have specific research methodology concerns. Researching Non-Heterosexual Sexualities offers a nice glimpse into the world of research methods that your standard empirical journal article often does not. It is selfreflective and critical in the ways in which we do research in marginalized communities. While we may discuss these issues internally, at conferences, or in personal conversations, it is a welcomed breath of fresh air to hear others grapple with methodological concerns in the (relatively) open air of an academic anthology. This book is a ‘‘behind the veil’’ glimpse into the research world for the graduate student or new faculty interested in starting, or already engaged in, research of sexualities in many fields, including sociology, anthropology, geography, and public health.

The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Sociology

Russia has experienced population decline in years and the economic development in Russia is largely restricted by labor shortage, particularly for the Far North and East region. In order to explore the migration mechanisms, six socioeconomic factors were selected to explore the influences on the net migration. Data from the 82 regions covering four time periods (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015) was processed use spatial panel econometric analysis and the time-period fixed effects Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) was selected as the best fit model after tests. The results indicates that, unemployment and infant death rate are significantly negatively associated with net migration, while urbanization rate, urban scale and life expectancy are significantly positively associated with net migration; every 100 USD increase in per capita GRP (Gross Regional Product) is positively related with averagely 5.4 net migrates in the region; every 1 year increase in life expectancy would increase 1052 net migrates; every 1sqm increase in urban scale would increase the net migrates by 11.75 and every 1% increase in unemployment would lead to a decrease of 0.54 net migrates. Spillover effect was also found for per capita GRP and life expectancy, indicating that the increase of per capita GRP and life expectancy in neighboring regions can also increase the attractiveness in one region. It can be concluded that better job market, better economic status and health related wellbeing are all attracting factors for migrates and these factors can even make the neighborhood region more attractive for immigrates. Considering the ambitious development plan for the Russia Far North and East regions, related suggestions on attracting migrates are provided.

A Study of the Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Migration in Russia

Social Systems and the Evolution of Action Theory.@@@The Evolution of Societies.

The relevance of the paper is associated with a poor theoretical framework and insufficient elaboration of many methodological and procedural questions of the freedom of conscience and religion under the contemporary conditions of Russia. With regard to this, the paper presents a number of general and particular problems of theory, legislation and practice of enforcement thereof pertaining to the criminal liability for crimes against the freedom of conscience, religion and interfaith consent. In Russia which is a multi-religious and multi-national country just like in the entire world, the current situation in freedom of conscience and freedom of religion is characterized as a crisis one, needing a way out as the right for the freedom of conscience and freedom of religion is one of the basic human and civil rights, the enforcement of which playing the pivotal part in the question of human rights as a whole. Disregarding the said right turns such notions as the “state of law” and “civic society” fictitious. The paper views questions associated with the freedom of conscience and religion as an object of criminal law protection: the problems of theory, legislation and law enforcement practice. The aspects of deliberately provocative actions against not only the religious feelings of believers but also the moral principles of the society as a whole have been revealed and analyzed in the work. The materials of the paper are of practical value for specialists in criminal law, social work, for higher education institution students, as well as to everyone interested in the problems of youth.

http://www.eurasianjournals.com/pdf-78759-14819?filename=Freedom of Conscience and.pdf

Freedom of Conscience and Religion as an Object of Criminal Law Protection: The Problems of Theory, Legislation and Law Enforcement Practice

Creativity in policy

The paper deals with particularities of political and legal consciousness of young people in view of a region against the background of the general standpoint of the Russian citizens and Russian youth in questions of the political and legal spheres. The opinion of the young people and citizens of the country as a whole is evaluated based on the results of authors' sociological questionnaire surveys conducted in Jewish autonomous region and questionnaire surveys of the population of Russia conducted by Levada-Center and the Public Opinion Foundation. The political and legal consciousness in a social relations subject is formed under the effect of the entire complex of factors and is determined by the historical, political, economical and other conditions of the subject's life activity. In it, both the emotional and the rational, experience and traditions, moods and stereotypes are interweaved. While performing a number of regulatory, communicative etc. functions, the political consciousness is a kind of indicator that allows understanding, estimating the place and role of this or that subject (population as a whole, a social group, an individual) in politics. Legal consciousness is the most closely associated with the political one. It reflects political and economical interests, knowledge and evaluations of the laws, standards, social relations regulators accepted in the society. OPEN ACCESS 8982 E. LUTSENKO ET AL. Bangun & Lantu, 2014; Rajwani & Liedong, 2015; By & By, 2008). In this sense, it is essential that it is social subject who is the carrier of political and legal consciousness. The political consciousness reflects the political existence, it is an estimation of the opportunity to become a participant of political processes and events and the potential ambition to take part in them (Ward, 2012). Here the ideas about political rights and liberties, understanding of their being guaranteed and of the opportunity to use them can also be referred (Singleton & Straits, 2010). This is a view of the political system as a whole, unlike the legal self-consciousness which is determined by the legal regulation of social relationships (Peacock & Sherman, 2010). The political and legal consciousness influences the regulation of social processes (Spence,1980) and promotes consolidation of the society members on the basis of ideas and values prevailing in the social consciousness. From the viewpoint of social and demographic characteristics, the political and legal consciousness is a unique phenomenon (Bryman, 2012). It begins to form at a rather young age and is prone to change throughout the social subject's life (Biguenet & Schulte, 2010). Certain demographic characteristics associated with this process can hardly be identified, yet, nevertheless, it is youth that is a special social and demographic group in this case. The political and legal consciousness of this group is most actively being filled with images, values and attitudes due to the age-related particularities (Baker, 2011). At this age, the main task is the rise of identification, including the legal and political one. Against the background of separation from the parental family and ambition to be independent, the susceptibility to the ideological \"noise\" becomes dramatically stronger. Actually, a young person just cannot but accept whatever ideas – this is their critical need. The entire question lies in what sort of ideas and to what actions they are going to push the youth (Finn & Zimmer, 2012). On the other hand, the more passive and indifferent the modern youth will be to the political processes in society, the fewer chances the society has for development (Schilder, 1975). It is the young people that are the powerhouse of the future. This is why the authors turned to analyzing the political and legal consciousness of youth within this study.

/pdf/political-and-legal-consciousness-of-young-people-in-the-27rn9nwu4i.pdf

Political and Legal Consciousness of Young People in the Region (a Case Study of Jewish Autonomous Region)

Due to the priority Russian development mainly through the use of natural resources, the Far Eastern Region’s role in forming the economic basis of the country increases considerably. In this connection, an objective necessity is to study conditions for increasing the Far East potential and improving the effectiveness of its use, including its youth component. The reviving economy requires new qualified human resources, highly professional experts capable of working with new technologies under the conditions of growing competition and high production requirements. With the development of market relations the social structure of the society is dominated by sharp social polarization trends. Differentiation of young people takes place, and various substructures of youth potential are formed on the basis of specific social youth groups that have different starting opportunities determined by the material level of well-being, access to education, health, and quality of family life. The Jewish Autonomous Region as a subject of the Russian Far East experiences to a lesser extent than other far eastern territories all the consequences of a large population outflow. At the same time the prospects of its development are directly associated, among other things, with the availability of a highly skilled manpower of working age that will develop the economy of the region. This article deals with issues of migration of young people living in the Russia’s Far East. The article identifies and analyzes migration wishes and intentions of young residents of the Far East. The information of the article is of practical value for public administration professionals, social workers, university students, and all those interested in youth issues.

http://www.eurasianjournals.com/pdf-78758-14808?filename=Migration Processes among.pdf

Irina Korolyova

Papers

Political and Legal Consciousness of Young People in the Region (a Case Study of Jewish Autonomous Region)

Migration Processes among the Youth of the Far Eastern Region of the Russian Federation