Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant hospitalizations and deaths, particularly among healthcare workers (HCWs). Various therapeutic and preventive measures have been introduced, with vaccination considered the primary preventive measure. This study aims to assess the perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among HCWs. Methods We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study on HCWs in hospitals located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study included physicians, nurses, pharmacists, lab technicians, and radiologists who work in the Ministry of Health's general hospitals. A total of 394 participants were included in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results A majority of the participants (72.6%) were female, aged between 31-40 years (55.3%), and married (59.6%). More than half of the participants (55.6%) had received training on dealing with COVID-19. The mean scores for COVID-19 vaccine refusal, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination were 18.36 ± 7.02, 14.48 ± 3.62, 11.51 ± 2.99, 12.39 ± 3.5, 8.25 ± 2.35, and 8.40 ± 2.46, respectively. Age was found to be correlated with the perceived severity of COVID-19 in non-vaccination (p=0.048), while gender was associated with the perceived severity of COVID-19 (p=0.015). Marital status (p=0.001), years of experience (p=0.009), profession (p=0.019), and education (p=0.028) were found to be correlated with perceived susceptibility. Education levels were found to be correlated with the perceived benefits of vaccination (p=0.007), perceived barriers to vaccines (p=0.002), and vaccine views (p=0.002). Years of experience (p=0.017) were found to be correlated with perceived severity of COVID-19, while profession type was significantly associated with perceived severity of COVID-19 (p=0.016) and vaccine view (p=0.008) Conclusion The study found that participants had a positive perception and high acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. The results also indicated that various sociodemographic factors were associated with the perception and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs. These findings could help in formulating effective strategies to improve vaccination uptake rates among HCWs, thereby reducing transmission and mortality among Health Care Workers due to COVID-19.

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Perception and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Among Healthcare Workers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Applying a participatory systems and value approach in a transdisciplinary exercise: on assessing the impact of training and education initiatives

Engineering processes involve multiple interrelated activities comprehended through workflows. An increase in remote working accelerated by Covid-19 has pushed an immediate shift to technology-enabled processes, fundamentally shifting workflow dynamics causing information overload. Graphic facilitation as a high-artifact representation methodology for processes, concepts, or ideations, employing an organized cluster of images, arrows, diagrams, sketches, doodles, and text elements, offers a unique application for information management in an engineering context. The article further investigates the adoption framework focusing on the stakeholders. This study applies a systematic literature review approach to present essential literature across multiple databases and provides an adoption framework systematically exploring six years of popular peer-reviewed journal bibliographic and global patent grants data. The study reveals that the discussions are still emerging, and the domain is not thoroughly explored in the engineering context. The patent dataset showcases insignificant development; however, emerging approaches are summarized, and newer tools are presented along with an adoption framework as a roadmap to further exploration. Graphic facilitation demonstrates the potential capacity to support individuals and groups in different, creative, and innovative ways to address information overload. The presented outline will serve as a template for engineering leaders toward reviewing, experimenting with, and incorporating across the engineering workflows. The approach addresses information overload and presents its use cases along with entry-level barriers to graphic facilitation and suggests an exploratory future research scope, including enhanced patent data analytics that synergizes with the latest technologies mitigating barriers. 

Graphic Facilitation in the Engineering Workflow: Adoption Framework, Barriers, and Future Roadmap

Engineering processes involve multiple interrelated activities comprehended through workflows. An increase in remote working accelerated by Covid-19 has pushed an immediate shift to technology-enabled processes, fundamentally shifting workflow dynamics causing information overload. Graphic facilitation as a high-artifact representation methodology for processes, concepts, or ideations, employing an organized cluster of images, arrows, diagrams, sketches, doodles, and text elements, offers a unique application for information management in an engineering context. The article further investigates the adoption framework focusing on the stakeholders. This study applies a systematic literature review approach to present essential literature across multiple databases and provides an adoption framework systematically exploring six years of popular peer-reviewed journal bibliographic and global patent grants data. The study reveals that the discussions are still emerging, and the domain is not thoroughly explored in the engineering context. The patent dataset showcases insignificant development; however, emerging approaches are summarized, and newer tools are presented along with an adoption framework as a roadmap to further exploration. Graphic facilitation demonstrates the potential capacity to support individuals and groups in different, creative, and innovative ways to address information overload. The presented outline will serve as a template for engineering leaders toward reviewing, experimenting with, and incorporating across the engineering workflows. The approach addresses information overload and presents its use cases along with entry-level barriers to graphic facilitation and suggests an exploratory future research scope, including enhanced patent data analytics that synergizes with the latest technologies mitigating barriers.

Abstract This paper presents a reflection on the experience of obtaining a PhD degree in Participatory Healthcare Systems amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper first introduces the PhD research and how the methodology was adjusted during the pandemic. Then, the reflections are presented considering the benefits/advantages (the good), the barriers/difficulties (the bad) and the struggles (the ugly). The topics presented show that positive aspects were overshadowed by the emotional burdens and increasing limitations of data collection and study design. Learnings from this experience indicate that designing a more resilient methodology that integrates creative methods, supporting PhD students to pause the research, fostering a culture of care that rethinks what a successful PhD is, and a greater focus on the Mental Health of PhD students is advisable.

The good, the bad and the ugly: Reflections on obtaining a PhD in Healthcare Systems Design amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Outcomes, which are the result state or condition from a process or intervention, are essential elements of healthcare system design and an important indicator of performance. They are included in well-known system analysis frameworks such as the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) and Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA). However, fewer practical approaches exist for understanding and communicating interactions among healthcare outcomes. This study applies a novel mapping method as a practical approach to collect, aggregate and visualise interrelations among multiple healthcare outcomes. Graphic facilitation mapping sessions with eleven healthcare providers and ten patients with chronic conditions were conducted. Participants created outcome interrelationship maps following a six-step process. Two outcome-based network visualisations were synthesised using network analysis. This outcome-based approach advances how we frame healthcare systems, focussing on accommodating multiple stakeholders' visions, understanding interrelations, and defining trade-offs. This practical approach may complement frameworks such as SEIPS and CWA. Practitioner summary: The presented outcome-based mapping approach can facilitate the understanding of outcomes as part of the interrelated healthcare system. The approach allows the discussion and integration of different stakeholders' outcome priorities to identify critical elements and better inform the development or adaptation of healthcare systems. Abbreviations: SEIPS: engineering initiative for patient safety; CWA: cognitive work analysis; HFE: human factors and ergonomics; AH: abstraction hierarchy; POTS: postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; DRM: design research methodology; FA2: forceAtlas2; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; NHS: National Health Service; UK: United Kingdom.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2021.1961018

Multiple outcome interactions in healthcare systems: a participatory outcome mapping approach.

The present short communication paper describes the methodological approach of applying the Health Belief Model to the use COVID-19 immunity certificates in the UK. We designed an online survey including an adaptation of the following Health Belief Model constructs: perceived COVID-19 susceptibility, perceived COVID-19 severity, perceived benefits of using immunity certificates, perceived barriers from using immunity certificates, perceived severity of not using immunity certificates, and perceived vaccination views. The online cross-sectional survey conducted on the 3rd of August 2021 gathered responses from 534 participants aged 18 and older, representative of the UK population in terms of gender, age, and ethnicity.

Irma Cecilia Landa-Avila

Papers

Multiple outcome interactions in healthcare systems: a participatory outcome mapping approach.

Using the Health Belief Model to design a questionnaire aimed at measuring people's perceptions regarding COVID-19 immunity certificates