The results of the present research question the common assumption that being well informed is a prerequisite for effective action to produce desired outcomes. In Study 1 (N = 79), environmental knowledge had no effect on energy conservation, and in Study 2 (N = 79), alcohol knowledge was unrelated to drinking behavior. Such disappointing correlations may result from an inappropriate focus on accuracy of information at the expense of its relevance to and support for the behavior. Study 3 (N = 85) obtained a positive correlation between knowledge and pro-Muslim behavior, but Study 4 (N = 89) confirmed the proposition that this correlation arose because responses on the knowledge test reflected underlying attitudes. Study 4 also showed that the correlation could become positive or negative by appropriate selection of questions for the knowledge test. The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), with its focus on specific actions, predicted intentions and behavior in all four studies.

Knowledge and the Prediction of Behavior: The Role of Information Accuracy in the Theory of Planned Behavior

Top management leadership, employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction in TQM organizations: an empirical study

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assist those engaged in research dealing with attitudes towards persons with disabilities by presenting a catalogue of various attitude measurement methods. Method: A review of the methodological and psychological literatures on the measurement of attitudes towards persons with disabilities. Results: The review uncovered 10 direct methods to measure attitudes, in which the respondents are aware that they are participating in an experiment and 14 indirect methods in four categories that are not plagued by attitude-distorting influences because the respondents are not aware that their attitudes are being measured. A discussion of each method with examples is provided, followed by implications for rehabilitation practitioners, rehabilitation education and training, and rehabilitation researchers. Conclusions: The investigation of attitudes towards persons with disabilities requires innovative experimental methods and psychometrically sound instruments that are reliabl...

Measurement of attitudes towards persons with disabilities

Effectiveness of T-group experiences in managerial training and development.

An Integrative Theory of Leadership

Part1: Leadership and the Influence Process. 1. Introduction. 1. Some Basic Issues in Human Relations 2. Leadership: A Frame of Reference 3. Cultural Perspectives on Understanding People 4. The Process of Understanding people 5. How to Choose a Leadership Pattern 6. The Introduction of Change in Organizations. 7. Participation by Subordinates. 8. The Management of Differences. Part 2: Sensitivity Training: A Personal Approach to the Development of Leaders. Introduction 9. Looking at Ourselves: A New Focus in Management Training 10. A Sensitivity Training Group in Action 11. Sensitivity Training for the Management team 12. Observations on the Trainer Role: A Case Study 13. Phases of Group Development 14. Assessing the Training Impact Part 3: Studies in Organization Introduction 15. A Look at Formal Organization: The Manager Concept 16. A Look at formal Organization: managerial Decision Making 17. Organization in Action: Bureaucracy in a government Laboratory 18. Developing Objectives and Evaluation Procedures in Research Organizations 19. The Impact of Altered Objectives: Factionalism and Organizational Change in a Research Laboratory 20. Problems of Evaluation: The Impact of Interpersonal Relations on Ratings of Performance 21. Assessing Organizational Effectiveness: Job Satisfaction, Productivity and Morale 22. Assessing Organizational Effectiveness: The Multi-relational Sociometric Survey 23. Relations with the Host: Social Research Faces Industry 24. Relations with the Subject: Problems in the Use of Indirect Methods of Attitude Measurement Part 4: Commentaries. Scientific Concern for the Human Factor in Industry George R Bach. Pscyche, Sensitivity and Social Structure Robert Dubin. Management and Human Relations Lyndall F Urwick. Bibliographies. Indices.

Leadership And Organization: A Behavioral Science Approach

Leadership and Organization: A Behavioral Science Approach.

THIS EXPLORATORY study was conducted to determine whether changes occur in students' self perceptions and their perception of trainers during a sensitivity training experience.1 Sensitivity training?a form of human relations training?is designed to help people become more effective in dealing with others, both on an individ ual and on a group basis. The underlying objectives include the development of social sensitivity, i. e., the ability to sense how others think and feel,and of behavioral flexibility, i. e., the ability to act ap propriately on the basis of these understandings. More specific goals are the development of greater self-understanding, insight into interpersonal rela tions, recognition of organizational and cultural variables, and improved communication skills.

Irving Weschler

Papers

Leadership And Organization: A Behavioral Science Approach

Leadership and Organization: A Behavioral Science Approach.

Some perceptual changes during sensitivity training

An Investigation of Attitudes Toward Labor and Management by Means of the Error-Choice Method: I

The Personal Factor in Labor Mediation