Human exposure to bisphenol A

Because bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical, we examined over 500 peer-reviewed studies to understand its global distribution in effluent discharges, surface waters, sewage sludge, biosolids, sediments, soils, air, wildlife, and humans. Bisphenol A was largely reported from urban ecosystems in Asia, Europe, and North America; unfortunately, information was lacking from large geographic areas, megacities, and developing countries. When sufficient data were available, probabilistic hazard assessments were performed to understand global environmental quality concerns. Exceedances of Canadian Predicted No Effect Concentrations for aquatic life were >50% for effluents in Asia, Europe, and North America but as high as 80% for surface water reports from Asia. Similarly, maximum concentrations of BPA in sediments from Asia were higher than Europe. Concentrations of BPA in wildlife, mostly for fish, ranged from 0.2 to 13 000 ng/g. We observed 60% and 40% exceedences of median levels by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in Europe and Asia, respectively. These findings highlight the utility of coordinating global sensing of environmental contaminants efforts through integration of environmental monitoring and specimen banking to identify regions for implementation of more robust environmental assessment and management programs.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1559325815598308

Global Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Environment Review and Analysis of Its Occurrence and Bioaccumulation

Household hazardous waste in municipal landfills: contaminants in leachate.

Endocrine disrupting compounds removal from wastewater, a new challenge

https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/3782/1/filede628e9fea374e2399199584ec711e70.pdf

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Estrogenic and dioxin-like potency in each step of a controlled landfill leachate treatment plant in Japan

Immobilization of fly ash from MSW incinerators and ash-melting furnaces

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain solid granules excellent in characteristics for sealing heavy metals by adding blast furnace water-granulated slag, a cement or slaked lime, and water to molten slag or molten fly ash generated on the melting treatment of incinerated ash or incinerated fly ash with a melting oven, solidifying the mixture and subsequently grinding the solidified mixture. SOLUTION: When at least one of incinerated ash and incinerated fly ash generated on the incineration of wastes with an incinerator is melted with a melting furnace to reduce the volume of the ash, the molten slag or molten ash generated in the melting furnace is treated as follows. (1) 100 pts.wt. of the molten slag is mixed with 5-50 pts.wt. of blast furnace water-granulated slag fine powder having a Blaine value of >=4000cm /g, 2-30 pts.wt. of a cement, slaked lime or their mixture and 10-20 pts.wt. of water, solidified and subsequently controlled to an objective granule size. (2) In the case of the molten fly ash, the molten filed ash is mixed under the above conditions, solidified, subjected to a steam curing treatment or an autoclave curing treatment and subsequently controlled to the objective solidified granule size.

Treatment of molten slag or molten flied ash

In treatment of incinerated fly ash from an incinerator for waste or molten fly ash from a melting furnace, solidification is conducted in the presence of water by adding finely divided particles of blast furnace slag having a Blaine value of 4000 cm /g or more to the fly ash.

Method for treating incinerated or molten fly ash

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the subject treatment designed to improving heavy metal containment characteristics at relatively low cost with a small amount of a solidifying agent by incorporating burnt scattered ash with blast furnace granulated slag fine powder followed by solidifying the mixture in the presence of water. SOLUTION: Burnt scattered ash produced when wastes are burned in an incinerator is solidified by incorporating 100 pts.wt. of the ash with 1-50 pts.wt. of blast furnace granulated slag >=4000cm /g in Blaine value and, according as necessary, /g in Blaine value and water, followed by kneading and then conducting a steam curing or autoclave curing at 60-180 deg.C.

Isamu Kawakami

Papers

Estrogenic and dioxin-like potency in each step of a controlled landfill leachate treatment plant in Japan

Immobilization of fly ash from MSW incinerators and ash-melting furnaces

Treatment of molten slag or molten flied ash

Method for treating incinerated or molten fly ash

Treatment of burnt or fused scattered ash