We investigate the effects of market making on market performance, focusing on allocative efficiency as well as gains from trade accrued by background traders. We employ empirical simulation-based methods to evaluate heuristic strategies for market makers as well as background investors in a variety of complex trading environments. Our market model incorporates private and common valuation elements, with dynamic fundamental value and asymmetric information. In this context, we compare the surplus achieved by background traders in strategic equilibrium, with and without a market maker. Our findings indicate that the presence of the market maker strongly tends to increase total welfare across various environments. Market-maker profit may or may not exceed the welfare gain, thus the effect on background-investor surplus is ambiguous. We find that market making tends to benefit investors in relatively thin markets, and situations where background traders are impatient, due to limited trading opportunities. The presence of additional market makers increases these benefits, as competition drives the market makers to provide liquidity at lower price spreads. A thorough sensitivity analysis indicates that these results are robust to reasonable changes in model parameters.

Welfare effects of market making in continuous double auctions

This paper studies a new theory for pricing options in a large trader economy. This theory necessitates studying the impact that derivative security markets have on market manipulation. In an economy with a stock, money market account, and a derivative security, it is shown, by example, that the introduction of the derivative security generates market manipulation trading strategies that would otherwise not exist. A sufficient condition is provided on the price process such that no additional market manipulation trading strategies are introduced by a derivative security. Options are priced under this condition, where it is shown that the standard binomial option model still applies but with random volatilities.

Derivative Security Markets, Market Manipulation, and Option Pricing Theory

http://nhuir.nhu.edu.tw/retrieve/52676/Electronic+Trading+System.pdf

Electronic trading system and returns volatility in the oil futures market

In order-driven markets, orders can be strategically submitted at aggressive prices during the pre-opening phase and withdrawn just before trading commences. Based on a Kyle (1989) setting, we develop several predictions regarding how such "strategic" orders can temporarily distort price discovery despite their non-binding nature. Evidence from IPO firms, where market prices are determined for the first time, supports our predictions. Strategic orders are concentrated among firms with substantial valuation uncertainty and small investor presence. Their submission leads to significant changes in the indicative opening price that are not subsequently reversed by their withdrawal, but only in post-opening trading activity.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2449919_code467103.pdf?abstractid=1362484&mirid=4

Strategic Order Submission and Cancellation in Pre-Opening Periods: The Case of IPO Firms

This study investigates the effectiveness of six of the key international indices in estimating Saudi financial market (TADAWUL) index (TASI) movement. To investigate the relationship between TASI and other variables, six equations were built using two independent variables of time and international index, while TASI was the dependent variable. Linear, logarithmic, quadratic, cubic, power, and exponential equations were separately used to achieve the targeted results. The results reveal that power equation is the best equation for forecasting the TASI index with a low error rate and high determination coefficient. Additionally, findings of the AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model represent the most important variables to use in order to build a prediction model that can estimate the TASI index. The ARIMA model (with Expert Modeler) coefficients are described as ARIMA (0,1,14). The results show that the SP500, NIKKEI, CAC40, and HSI indices are the most suitable variables for estimating TASI with an R2 and RMSE equal to 0.993 and 113, respectively. This relationship can be used on the previous day to estimate the opening price of TASI based on the closing prices of international indices.

https://www.mdpi.com/2199-8531/6/2/27/pdf

Can International Market Indices Estimate TASI’s Movements? The ARIMA Model

This paper examines the contribution of market makers to the liquidity and the efficiency of the options market in a unique setup of an order-driven computerized trading system, in which market makers and other participants operate under equitable conditions. The main findings are: (1) liquidity increased – a 60% increase in trading volume and a 35% decrease of bid–ask spreads; (2) the efficiency of shekel–euro options trading improved – deviations from put–call parity decreased significantly by 12%, and skewness decreased by about 30%. We also find that the net cost to the exchange is out weighted by the benefit to the trading public and that the presence of market makers encouraged trading between other participants far beyond their own trading.

The Contribution of Market Makers to Liquidity and Efficiency of Options Trading in Electronic Markets

This paper examines the contribution of market makers to the liquidity and the efficiency of the options market in a unique setup of an order-driven computerized trading system, in which market makers and other participants operate under equitable conditions. The main findings are: (1) liquidity increased – a 60% increase in trading volume and a 35% decrease of bid–ask spreads; (2) the efficiency of shekel–euro options trading improved – deviations from put–call parity decreased significantly by 12%, and skewness decreased by about 30%. We also find that the net cost to the exchange is out weighted by the benefit to the trading public and that the presence of market makers encouraged trading between other participants far beyond their own trading. � 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

http://rafieldor.co.il/PDF/The%20contribution%20of%20market%20makers.pdf

Itzik Shurki

Papers

The Contribution of Market Makers to Liquidity and Efficiency of Options Trading in Electronic Markets

The contribution of market makers to liquidity and efficiency of options trading in electronic markets

The effects of randomizing the opening time on the performance of a stock market under stress