State-of-the-art of hosting capacity in modern power systems with distributed generation

A significant growth in solar photovoltaic (PV) installation has observed during the last decade in standalone and grid-connected power generation systems. The solar PV system has a non-linear output characteristic because of weather intermittency, which tends to have a substantial effect on overall PV system output. Hence, to optimize the output of a PV system, different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have been used. But, the confusion lies while selecting an appropriate MPPT, as every method has its own merits and demerits. Therefore, a proper review of these techniques is essential. A “ Google Scholar ” survey of the last five years (2015-2020) was conducted. It has found that overall seventy-one review articles are published on different MPPT techniques; out of those seventy-one, only four are on uniform solar irradiance, seven on non-uniform and none on hybrid optimization MPPT techniques. Most of them have discussed the limited number of MPPT techniques, and none of them has discussed the online and offline under uniform and hybrid MPPT techniques under non-uniform solar irradiance conditions all together in one. Unfortunately, very few attempts have made in this regard. Therefore, a comprehensive review paper on this topic is need of time, in which almost all the well-known MPPT techniques should be encapsulated in one paper. This article focuses on classifications of online, offline, and hybrid optimization MPPT algorithms, under the uniform and non-uniform irradiance conditions. It summarizes various MPPT methods along with their mathematical expression, operating principle, and block diagram/flow charts. This research will provide a valuable pathway to researchers, energy engineers, and strategists for future research and implementation in the field of maximum power point tracking optimization.

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Investigation of MPPT Techniques Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Condition–A Retrospection

After a brief historical introduction to the hosting-capacity approach, the hosting capacity is presented in this paper as a tool for distribution-system planning under uncertainty. This tool is il ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/9/1325/pdf

Hosting Capacity of the Power Grid for Renewable Electricity Production and New Large Consumption Equipment

Review of power system impacts at high PV penetration Part I: Factors limiting PV penetration

Many countries have experienced a surge in the level of the penetration of solar PV systems in the last decade. A huge portion of the newly deployed PV systems are connected to low voltage Grid. High Penetration of PVs at this level could potentially disrupt the normal operation of distribution network. A major concern is the impact of these units on power quality indices. Namely, photovoltaic panels could increase the level of voltage and current unbalance, deteriorate harmonic distortion and cause the voltage rise. These concerns may prohibit higher pentation levels of PVs. Thus, proper assessment techniques are vital for network operators for the planning and decision-making process. On the other hand, many characteristics of PV system are inherently uncertain. These uncertainties should be properly modeled in assessment framework. The main effort of research communities is to propose new methodologies that could model the uncertainty of solar power generation and stochastic assessment methods that could accurately estimate the state of the operation of the network with different levels of penetration of solar photovoltaics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent publications and trend of research activities regarding methods of representing uncertain variables and stochastic assessment techniques for power system quality analysis.

Assessment techniques of the impact of grid-tied rooftop photovoltaic generation on the power quality of low voltage distribution network - A review

Considerations on hosting capacity for harmonic distortions on transmission and distribution systems

The increasing penetration of distributed generation with non-linear characteristics demands a clear methodology for determining the amount of generation that can be connected to the system without ...

Methodology for estimation of harmonic hosting

The increasing penetration of renewable/distributed sources with non-linear characteristics demands a clear methodology for determining the amount of generation which can be connected to the system without deteriorating the performance (the “hosting capacity”). This paper proposes a methodology for determining the hosting capacity regarding harmonic distortions. To exemplify an application of the proposed procedure, a simple case study is performed and analyzed.

Exploring the concept of hosting capacity for harmonic distortions assessment

The aim of this paper is to apply a methodology towards the sharing of responsibility between the utility and the consumer with reference to the occurrence of harmonic voltage distortions at the point of common coupling (PCC). The approach is based on the measured values of harmonic voltage and current as well as the supply and load harmonic impedance information. In addition to the general method principles, the paper focuses a specific application involving a real industrial installation, fed by 230 kV and having a large amount of rectifiers. The results are then used to verify the proposal consistency regarding the sharing of the responsibilities between the utility and the industry as far as the harmonic voltage distortion is concerned. The proposed process finds sustenance during the implementation of mitigation procedures with sights to the attendance of the standards of quality established by the regulating agencies.

A case study of sharing the harmonic voltage distortion responsibility between the utility and the consumer

Faced with the guidelines contained in documents approved by the National Electric Power Agency PRODIST - Module 8, amongst other indicators of electric power supply quality, the harmonic distortions appear as an important issue. The mentioned regulation takes into account specific matters such as definitions, measurement procedures, benchmarks, etc. Focusing the subject of voltage distortions and the establishment of approaches to determine the responsibility for possible violations of given limits emerges as an important task. This research topic has been taken into account by the literature and a few procedures to characterize the responsibility of a given distortion level due to supplier and consumer has been proposed. The most widespread solutions are based on frequency domain superposition principles. Having this in mind, the current paper conducts a critical analysis performance of the superposition methodology throughout two possible ways of dealing with the subject. The first uses the current contributions and the other by focusing the voltage harmonic found at a given busbar. The studies highlight that the current procedure do not lead to consistent results whereas the voltage method seems to provide a promising manner of dealing with the identification of the harmonic distortion responsibility.

Ivan Nunes Santos

Papers

Considerations on hosting capacity for harmonic distortions on transmission and distribution systems

Methodology for estimation of harmonic hosting

Exploring the concept of hosting capacity for harmonic distortions assessment

A case study of sharing the harmonic voltage distortion responsibility between the utility and the consumer

Critical Analysis of the Current and Voltage Superposition Approaches at Sharing Harmonic Distortion Responsibility