Green technology in wastewater treatment technologies: Integration of membrane bioreactor with various wastewater treatment systems

Over the last few decades, the presence of micropollutants in the wastewater stream is imposing a serious concern worldwide. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been widely employed for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with micropollutants. Hence, the aim of this paper is to provide a consolidate review on the present state of research and advancement in MBR technology along with its augmentation with other wastewater treatment technologies for micropollutant removal, sustainability, and operating cost assessment for its feasibility. The potential application of MBR and hybrid-MBR systems in micropollutant removal along with the fate, removal mechanism, various factors affecting the MBR system efficiency and the operational cost involved were also been discussed in detail. Further, based on the available technologies on MBR, the authors discussed the future research perspective for micropollutant removal from the effluent stream with an objective of the circular economy.

Membrane bioreactor and integrated membrane bioreactor systems for micropollutant removal from wastewater: A review

The work presented here is based on a review of 55 DFID-financed RNFE and livelihood diversification projects, programmes and research comprising rural household survey and other field-related research projects representing a broad range of methodologies borrowed from economics, sociology and social anthropology.

/pdf/the-rural-non-farm-economy-livelihoods-and-their-33s1c58a2y.pdf

The rural non-farm economy, livelihoods and their diversification: issues and options

In many studies worldwide the use of treated sewage effluents (TSE) as water and nutrient sources in agricultural irrigation have been introduced as a viable alternative for wastewater destination in the environment. Considering agronomic and environmental aspects the objectives of this review were: (i) to present an overview of TSE irrigation on different agro-systems (annual crops, orchards, forests and forages); and (ii) to show the principal changes on chemical, physical and microbiological soil characteristics after TSE application. Various studies have revealed that the nutrient supply only by TSE irrigation was not sufficient to meet plant nutrient requirements resulting in yield decreases. The problem could be solved by an adapted effluent/fertilizer management. Moreover, TSE could generally substitute efficiently freshwater for irrigation. Regarding soil quality conditions, TSE irrigation affected mainly: (i) total soil carbon and nitrogen, and mineral nitrogen in soil solution; (ii) microbial activity, composition of microbial communities and their function; (iii) exchangeable calcium and magnesium; (iv) salinity, sodicity, clay dispersion and hydraulic conductivity. Other soil parameters considered in this review (e.g. heavy metals) did not present significant changes over short and medium terms. Due to the often observed accumulation of sodium and nitrogen losses (leaching, volatilization and denitrification) after TSE irrigation, the monitoring of these components is of crucial importance for a sustainable use. Finally, further studies on the technical-economical-environmental viability of TSE irrigation are required to establish reliable recommendations for TSE use particularly in Brazilian agro-systems.

/pdf/agricultural-use-of-treated-sewage-effluents-agronomic-and-48u4oixuc6.pdf

Agricultural use of treated sewage effluents: agronomic and environmental implications and perspectives for brazil

Aquatic natural organic matter (NOM) is a heterogeneous mixture of biopolymers and their degradation products that cause harmful by-products during drinking water production. The great variability ...

Natural Organic Matter Removal from Drinking Water by Membrane Technology

No Capitulo 21“Gestao ambientalmente adequada de residuos liquidos e solidos”, Area Programatica B “Maximizando o reuso e a reciclagem ambientalmente adequadas”, estabeleceu, como objetivos basicos: "vitalizar e ampliar os sistemas nacionais de reuso e reciclagem de residuos", e "tornar disponivel informacoes, tecnologia e instrumentos de gestao apropriados para encorajar e tornar operacional, sistemas de reciclagem e uso de aguas residuarias".

https://www.abrh.org.br/SGCv3/UserFiles/Sumarios/2371239d0aaf41e014681d6d437c79e7_f553b090dfd516bcc00c055844c42f21.pdf

Potencial de Reuso de Água no Brasil Agricultura, Industria, Municípios, Recarga de Aqüíferos

A politica de importar agua de bacias cada vez mais distantes para satisfazer o crescimento da demanda teve inicio ha mais de dois mil com os romanos, dando origem aos seus famosos aquedutos Esse e o "velho paradigma" que persiste ainda hoje, resolvendo, precariamente, o problema de abastecimento de agua de uma regiao, em detrimento daquela que a fornece A transferencia sistematica de grandes volumes de agua de fontes distantes, gerando volumes adicionais de esgoto, nao pode mais ser aceita, tanto do ponto de vista economico como do ambiental Um "novo paradigma", baseado nos conceitos de Conservacao e Reuso de Agua deve evoluir, para minimizar os custos e os impactos ambientais associados a projetos de transposicao de bacias A tecnologia e os fundamentos ambientais, de saude publica e gerenciais, hoje consagrados, permitem fazer uso dos recursos disponiveis localmente, mediante programas de gestao adequada da demanda, e da implementacao da pratica de reuso de agua

/pdf/um-novo-paradigma-para-a-gestao-de-recursos-hidricos-3ls9fq6ejw.pdf

Um novo paradigma para a gestão de recursos hídricos

In this paper, the influence of biofilm carriers in a MBR on the performance of organic matter and nitrogen removal and the influence on membrane fouling were evaluated. The configurations studied included a Conventional Membrane Bioreactor (C-MBR) and a Biofilm Membrane Bioreactor (BF-MBR) operated in parallel, both fed with domestic wastewater. Regarding organic matter removal, no statistically significant differences were observed between C-MBR and BF-MBR, producing an effluent with a Soluble COD concentration of 27 ± 9.0 mgO2/L and 26 ±1.0 mgO2/L and BOD concentration of 6.0 ± 2.5 mgO2/L and 6.2 ± 2.1 mgO2/L, respectively. On the other hand, the BF-MBR produced a permeate with lower ammonia and total nitrogen concentrations, which resulted in a removal efficiency of 98% and 73%, respectively. It was also observed that the fouling rate was about 35% higher in the C-MBR than that for the BF-MBR, which also presented a reduction of total membrane resistance, about 29%, and increased operational cycle length around 7 days, compared to C-MBR.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjce/v31n3/11.pdf

Ivanildo Hespanhol

Papers

Potencial de Reuso de Água no Brasil Agricultura, Industria, Municípios, Recarga de Aqüíferos

Um novo paradigma para a gestão de recursos hídricos

Comparison between a conventional membrane bioreactor (C-MBR) and a biofilm membrane bioreactor (BF-MBR) for domestic wastewater treatment

Água na indústria: uso racional e reúso

Direct drinking water treatment by spiral-wound ultrafiltration membranes