Showing papers in "Desalination in 2008"

TL;DR: A number of seawater desalination technologies have been developed during the last several decades to augment the supply of water in arid regions of the world as mentioned in this paper, however, many countries are unable to afford these technologies as a fresh water resource.

TL;DR: Capacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted the interest of the community investigating water treatment technologies since the mid-1960s as mentioned in this paper, based on the recognition that high-surface-area electrodes, when electrically charged, can quantitatively adsorb ionic components from water, thereby resulting in desalination.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview on present seawater desalination capacities by region, a synopsis of the key environmental concerns of desalification, including ways of mitigating the impacts on the environment, and of avoiding some of the dangers of the environment to Desalination.

TL;DR: A taxonomy of a large number of related publications, classified in a systematic method and format, in order to allow meaningful comparisons and facilitate the derivation of useful conclusions is presented in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous wastes is among the most important issues for many industrialized countries, and the results indicate that the second-order model best describes adsorption kinetic data.

TL;DR: In this paper, activated carbon was prepared from hazelnut husks with zinc chloride activation at 973 K in nitrogen atmosphere and the activation surface area was found 1092 m2g−1.

TL;DR: In this article, bagasse pith has been used as a raw material for the preparation of different activated carbons for the removal of reactive orange (RO) dye from aqueous solutions and batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and pH.

TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of activated carbon prepared from oil palm shell to remove methylene blue from aqueous solutions was investigated through batch and column studies, and the equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 243.90 mg/g at 30°C.

TL;DR: The use of solar energy in thermal desalination processes is one of the most promising applications of the renewable energies as discussed by the authors, however, it requires large land areas and has a relatively low productivity.

TL;DR: In this paper, a polyamide (PA) nanocomposite membrane containing high loading of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via in-situ interfacial polymerization was reported.

TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model was proposed to evaluate the experimental values of the thermal boundary layers' heat transfer coefficients, the membrane/liquid interface temperatures, the temperature polarization coefficient, membrane mass transfer coefficient and the evaporation efficiency.

TL;DR: In this article, two different types of membranes were optimized: thinfilm composites (TFC) and asymmetric cellulose acetate (CA) for pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), and the best measured performance was 1.3 W/m2.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the organic fouling behavior of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is consistence with that of low-pressure membranes, while there is little consensus on the attributes of powdered activated carbon pretreatment.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated practices of water management of 11 dairy plants and found that a 540 m 2 RO unit is required to treat 100 m 3 /d of wastewater with 95% water recovery.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the production of a rhmnolipid-type biosurfactant by Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula 1895-DSMZ.

TL;DR: Statkraft as mentioned in this paper is the most prominent developer of the osmotic power technology in a global context and has developed a number of semi-permeable membranes with high flux and salt retention.

TL;DR: In this paper, surface modifications have been made to the activated carbon material, including alkaline treatment and loading of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and the modified electrode material demonstrated enhanced electrosorption capacity and reduced physical sorption at the pores, so desorption is more efficiently.

TL;DR: In this article, a L9 orthogonal array (four factors in three levels) was employed to evaluate effects of temperature (at 25, 40, and 55°C), voltage (at 5, 7, and 9 V), flow rate (at 0.07, 0.13, and 0.25 mL/s), and feed concentration (at 10, 000, 20,000, and 40,000 ppm) on separation percentage of salt ions.

TL;DR: In this paper, an impact assessment tool is developed for the environmental evaluation of potable water production, and the main source of impacts is shown to be electricity production for plant operation, and improvement levers are presented for impact reduction and for the objective comparison between alternative and conventional water treatment processes.

TL;DR: In this paper, a sun tracking system was deployed for enhancing the solar still productivity, where a computerized sun tracking device was used for rotating a solar still with the movement of the sun, and a comparison between fixed and sun tracked solar stills showed that the use of sun tracking increased the productivity for around 22%.

TL;DR: In this article, an economic assessment performed to estimate the expected water cost, which is the ultimate measure of the feasibility of the stand-alone system, is presented, based on the calculations, the estimated cost of potable water produced by the compact unit is $15/m 3, and $18 /m 3 for water generated by the large unit.

TL;DR: In this article, a 6000 m3/d reverse osmosis plant with a fluoride concentration of 1.8 mg/L has been used to remove color, iron and manganese from Nordic lake waters.

TL;DR: A detailed investigation of photocatalytic degradation of the dye, acridine orange, has been carried out in aqueous heterogeneous medium containing ZnO as photocatalyst in a batch reactor as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the energy efficiency of conventional activated sludge followed by UF/MF-RO and MBR-RO, and showed that wastewater reuse is a very attractive energy option, and that schemes should be considered where possible using UF or MF-RO after conventional sewage treatment, or MBR for smaller schemes, or where space is at a premium.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors deal with the Ouled Fayet site (west of Algiers), which has been operational for five years, receiving nonhazardous, municipal and assimilated wastes from 34 municipalities corresponding to 363,000 T/year, stored in a settler and then rejected in the receiving environment.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared microwave and conventional methods to extract pectin from orange peels, with different extraction periods, different solvent pHs and different types of solvent systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the pre-treatment alternatives of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes and found the most appropriate treatment combination for the produced water generated from oil production fields in Trakya region.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the works done on single basin passive types still to improve its productivity and showed that Rubber is the best basin material to improve absorption, storage and evaporation effects and the effect of varying the depth of the basin water is also studied.

TL;DR: In this article, a process optimization method for the design of reverse osmosis (RO) processes is developed for a brackish water reverse oslosis (BWRO) desalination project, for which the optimal design is characterized depending on the economical conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, a clay-poly(methoxyethyl)acrylamide (PMEA) composite was obtained by the bulk polymerization method at +4°C by using N,N-methylenebisacryamide (MBA) as crosslinker, potassium persulfate (KPS) and tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as the initiator and accelerator, respectively.