https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/642770.pdf

Lipid recovery from wet oleaginous microbial biomass for biofuel production: A critical review

The separation methods which are used in the hydro-metallurgical field are reviewed and compared. Some processes in solvent extraction in use for recovery of crucial metals which are important to the U.S. defense and economy are presented. Various commercial extractants are reviewed and categorized. Other methods such as liquid membranes and ion exchange resins used for dilute metal ions separation are summarized. These methods are compared with solvent extraction. Problems to overcome in the further development of these separation methods are also identified and discussed in this paper.

Solvent Extraction, Membranes, and Ion Exchange in Hydrometallurgical Dilute Metals Separation

I. EXTRACTING REAGENTS In the present review, dealing with the kinetics of solvent extraction of metal species, we will consider biphasic systems consisting of: 1. An aqueous electrolyte solution containing a metal cation which, according to the nature and composition of the electrolyte, can exist either as a free (hydrated) ion or as neutral, positively or negatively charged complex species 2. An organic phase which is a solution, in a water-immiscible organic diluent, of an organic molecule called extractant; only organic diluent not exhibiting appreciable extraction properties by themselves will be considered; the extractant will instead be a molecule capable of reacting with the aqueous metal species, transferring them into the organic phase; this reactivity is conferred to the extractant by the presence of a functional group which has binding properties with respect to the metal species; the only purpose of the diluent will then be that of dissolving the extractant and possibly to improve its physica...

The Kinetics of Metal Solvent Extraction

Propane was adsorbed in a slurry of active carbon in water in a stirred cell. With the aid of a formal model the values of the transfer coefficients and mass transfer resistance can be obtained from experiments. Experiments were performed in which the stirrer speed, the weight fraction of active carbon in the slurry and the particle size were varied. Under the experimental conditions it was found that the particles did not interfere very much with the mass transfer across the gas—liquid interface. Intraparticle diffusion was important and was mainly caused by surface migration. It was observed that the capacity for adsorption was limited by the adsorption of water at the active sites on the carbon particle.

The sorption of propane in slurries of active carbon in water

The mechanism of mass transfer of solutes across liquid-liquid interfaces

The mechanism of mass transfer of solutes across liquid-liquid interfaces: Part I: the determination of individual transfer coefficients for binary systems

J.B. Lewis

Papers

The mechanism of mass transfer of solutes across liquid-liquid interfaces: Part I: the determination of individual transfer coefficients for binary systems