Cloning and expression of phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D from Ricinus communis L.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides information on the chemistry and pharmacology and physicochemical properties of barbiturates, along with the tautomerism and solvation of the barbituric acid ring. Barbituric acid exists in the solid state in the trioxo structure. NMR investigation of the oxo-hydroxy equilibrium indicates that only the oxo form is present in a solution in anhydrous DMSO. Several spectral properties of the barbituric acid are discussed using UV spectra, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In the crystalline state, barbiturates show several modes of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which differ by the number of hydrogen bonds formed between the NH and CO groups. These hydrogen bonds are responsible for layer packing in the crystal lattice. Weak intermolecular van der Waals interactions of carbonyl groups are also responsible for the three-dimensional packing of the molecules in the crystal structure.

Recent Progress in Barbituric Acid Chemistry

The marine hydroid Hydractinia echinata develops into a primary polyp from a planula larva stage. The planula does not undergo metamorphosis in sterile filtered seawater. Metamorphosis is induced by certain bacteria occurring, as a rule, on the shells of molluscs inhabited by hermit crabs of the genus Eupagurus. Bacteria were isolated from shells occupied by H. echinata, and bacterial clones were selected which had a strong potency for inducing metamorphosis in planula larvae. One such clone was further subcloned for strong metamorphosis-inducing potency and finally investigated for inductive characteristics and for identification purposes. The bacterium is a motile, aerogen, gram-negative rod with a polar flagellum. It was identified on the basis of several physiological characteristics as a strain of the genus Alteromonas espejiana. The ability to induce metamorphosis might not be restricted to A. espejiana. The inhibitor of protein kinase C, sphingosine, inhibited metamorphosis induced by A. espejiana. The metamorphosis-inducing principle is likely to be a lipid, since upon lipid extraction and separation of different lipid classes by solid phase extraction on silica-aminopropyl columns a metamorphosis-inducing fraction was obtained.

The marine bacterium Alteromonas espejiana induces metamorphosis of the hydroid Hydractinia echinata

Optimization of reversed-phase separations

Applications of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography

Differentiation of saturated and unsaturated phospholipids on thin layer chromatograms

High-pressure liquid chromatography of corticosteroids

Determination of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of urine ketosteroids by thin layer densitometry

Quantitative determination of corticosteroids from plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Separation of conjugated dihydroxy bile acids by thin-layer chromatography

J.C. Touchstone

Papers

Differentiation of saturated and unsaturated phospholipids on thin layer chromatograms

High-pressure liquid chromatography of corticosteroids

Determination of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of urine ketosteroids by thin layer densitometry

Quantitative determination of corticosteroids from plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Separation of conjugated dihydroxy bile acids by thin-layer chromatography