Context aware applications, which can adapt their behaviors to changing environments, are attracting more and more attention. To simplify the complexity of developing applications, context aware middleware, which introduces context awareness into the traditional middleware, is highlighted to provide a homogeneous interface involving generic context management solutions. This paper provides a survey of state-of-the-art context aware middleware architectures proposed during the period from 2009 through 2015. First, a preliminary background, such as the principles of context, context awareness, context modelling, and context reasoning, is provided for a comprehensive understanding of context aware middleware. On this basis, an overview of eleven carefully selected middleware architectures is presented and their main features explained. Then, thorough comparisons and analysis of the presented middleware architectures are performed based on technical parameters including architectural style, context abstraction, context reasoning, scalability, fault tolerance, interoperability, service discovery, storage, security a privacy, context awareness level, and cloud-based big data analytics. The analysis shows that there is actually no context aware middleware architecture that complies with all requirements. Finally, challenges are pointed out as open issues for future work.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/15/8/20570/pdf

Context Aware Middleware Architectures: Survey and Challenges

Together with the fundamentals of probability, random processes and statistical analysis, this insightful book also presents a broad range of advanced topics and applications. There is extensive coverage of Bayesian vs. frequentist statistics, time series and spectral representation, inequalities, bound and approximation, maximum-likelihood estimation and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, geometric Brownian motion and Ito process. Applications such as hidden Markov models (HMM), the Viterbi, BCJR, and Baum–Welch algorithms, algorithms for machine learning, Wiener and Kalman filters, and queueing and loss networks are treated in detail. The book will be useful to students and researchers in such areas as communications, signal processing, networks, machine learning, bioinformatics, econometrics and mathematical finance. With a solutions manual, lecture slides, supplementary materials and MATLAB programs all available online, it is ideal for classroom teaching as well as a valuable reference for professionals.

Probability, Random Processes, and Statistical Analysis: Applications to Communications, Signal Processing, Queueing Theory and Mathematical Finance

BATS research project which is funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under contract n317533

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Wireless Back-haul: a software defined network enabled wireless Back-haul network architecture for future 5G networks

With the development of mobile networks, terminals' locations become increasingly valuable for both the whole system performance and terminals' applications or services. As knowing the knowledge of terminals' location information in advance would provide extern preparation time to accelerate response to terminals' requirements, location prediction plays a quite important role. Since most of the mobile terminals are human-carried devices, terminals' location prediction is actually the persons' location prediction. On the other hand, the research on social networks has experienced a fast development and provided a new kind of view on prediction. In our paper, we propose a location prediction scheme based on the idea of social correlation which is a kind of link between different terminals weighted by statistic results of history information.We also model topologies as sequences of snapshots to guide prediction. Few limits on the format of history location information record makes sure a strong adaptiveness of our scheme to various application's requirements.

A Location Prediction Scheme Based on Social Correlation

Through time domain observation, typical wireless signal strength values seems to exhibit some forms of mean-reverting and discontinuous "jumps" behaviour Motivated by this fact, we propose a wireless link prediction and triggering (LPT) technique using a modified mean-reverting Ornstein---Uhlenbeck (OU) jump diffusion process The proposed technique which we refer as OU-LPT is an integral component of wireless mesh network monitoring system developed by ICT FP7 CARrier grade wireless MEsh Network project In particular, we demonstrate how this technique can be applied in the context of wireless mesh networks to support link switching or handover in the event of predicted link degradation or failure The proposed technique has also been implemented and evaluated in a real-time experimental testbed The results show that OU-LPT technique can significantly enhance the reliability of wireless links by reducing the rate of false triggers compared to a conventional linear prediction technique and therefore offers a new direction on how wireless link prediction, triggering and switching process can be conducted in the future

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11276-013-0610-0.pdf

Wireless link prediction and triggering using modified Ornstein---Uhlenbeck jump diffusion process

CARMEN is a three-year Specific Targeted Research Project (STREP) funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Program. The CARMEN access network will complement existing access technologies by exploiting low cost mesh networking techniques, thus minimizing deployment and maintenance costs. The CARMEN architecture introduces an abstraction layer that hides the specifics of the underlying access technology providing an abstract interface on top of which higher layers can be easily developed. This allows for the integration of current and future heterogeneous wireless technologies to provide scalable and efficient mobile ubiquitous Internet access, able to adapt to different environments and user requirements. Following these goals, CARMEN aims to define, study and implement link and technology abstractions, mobility support, and quality of service. The architecture also includes advanced monitoring features that allow for dynamic self-configuration, thereby reducing the installation and operational costs.

/pdf/supporting-carrier-grade-services-over-wireless-mesh-3sxrv3rvoz.pdf

J. Fitzpatrick

Papers

Supporting carrier grade services over wireless mesh networks: The approach of the European FP-7 STREP CARMEN [Very Large Projects]