There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

The Next European Dipole (NED) Joint Research Activity was launched on 1 January 2004 to promote the development of high-performance Nb3Sn conductors in collaboration with European industry (aiming at a non-copper critical current density of 1500 A mm−2 at 4.2 K and 15 T) and to assess the suitability of Nb3Sn technology to the next generation of accelerator magnets (aiming at an aperture of 88 mm and a conductor peak field of ~15 T). It is part of the Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe (CARE) project, which involves eight collaborators, and is half-funded by the European Union. After briefly recalling the Activity organization, we report the main progress achieved over the last year, which includes: the manufacturing of a double-bath He II cryostat for heat transfer measurements through Nb3Sn conductor insulation, detailed quench computations for various NED-like magnet configurations, the award of two industrial subcontracts for Nb3Sn conductor development, the first results of a cross-calibration programme of test facilities for Nb3Sn wire characterization, detailed investigations of the mechanical properties of heavily cold-drawn Cu/Nb/Sn composite wires, and the preliminary assessment of a new insulation system based on polyimide-sized glass fibre tapes. Last, we briefly review the efforts of an ongoing Working Group on magnet design and optimization.

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Overview and status of the Next European Dipole Joint Research Activity

The beta beam CERN design is based on the present LHC injection complex and its physics reach is mainly limited by the maximum rigidity of the SPS. In fact, some of the scenarios for the machine upgrades of the LHC, particularly the construction of a fast cycling 1 TeV injector (“Super-SPS”), are very synergic with the construction of a higher γ beta beam. At the energies that can be reached by this machine, we demonstrate that dense calorimeters can already be used for the detection of ν at the far location. Even at moderate masses (40 kton) as the ones imposed by the use of existing underground halls at Gran Sasso, the CP reach is very large for any value of θ13 that would provide evidence of νe appearance at T2K or NOνA (θ13≥3°). Exploitation of matter effects at the CERN to Gran Sasso distance provides sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy in significant areas of the θ13-δ plane.

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A Beta Beam complex based on the machine upgrades for the LHC

Properties of Materials at Low Temperature (Phase I) A Compendium. Edited by Victor J. Johnson. Pp. 508. (London and New York: Pergamon Press, 1961.) 200s.

Materials at Low Temperatures

Superconducting magnet technology is continually evolving in order to meet the demanding needs of new accelerators and to provide necessary upgrades for existing machines. A variety of designs are now under development, including high fields and gradients, rapid cycling and novel coil configurations. This paper presents a summary of R&D programs in the EU, Japan and the USA. A performance comparison between NbTi and Nb/sub 3/Sn along with fabrication and cost issues are also discussed.

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Future accelerator magnet needs

Plans for LHC upgrade and for the final focalization of linear colliders call for large aperture and/or high-performance dipole and quadrupole magnets that may be beyond the reach of conventional NbTi magnet technology. The Next European Dipole (NED) activity was launched on January 1st, 2004 to promote the development of high-performance, Nb/sub 3/Sn wires in collaboration with European industry (aiming at a noncopper critical current density of 1500 A/mm/sup 2/ at 4.2 K and 15 T) and to assess the suitability of Nb/sub 3/Sn technology to the next generation of accelerator magnets (aiming at an aperture of 88 mm and a conductor peak field of 15 T). It is integrated within the Collaborated Accelerator Research in Europe (CARE) project, involves seven collaborators, and is partly funded by the European Union. We present here an overview of the NED activity and we report on the status of the various work packages it encompasses.

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Status of the Next European Dipole (NED) activity of the Collaborated Accelerator Research in Europe (CARE) project

A total of 44 CERN designed cryogenic electrical feedboxes are needed to power the LHC superconducting magnets. The feedboxes include more than 1000 superconducting circuits fed by high temperature superconductor and conventional current leads ranging from 120 A to 13 kA. In addition to providing the electrical current to the superconducting circuits, they also ensure specific mechanical and cryogenic functions for the LHC. The paper focuses on the main design aspects and related production operations and gives an overview of specific technologies employed. Results of the commissioning of the feedboxes of the first LHC sectors are presented.

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Design, production and first commissioning results of the electrical feedboxes of the LHC

Big scientific facilities, like superconducting particle accelerators or fusion reactors require high cooling power, usually produced locally by large helium refrigerators and transferred, by means of liquid or supercritical helium, over the distances that may exceed several kilometres. Construction of cold helium transfer lines should take into consideration many different issues. The lines are exposed to thermal loads which can constitute an important part of the cryogenic system thermal budget. Pressure difference between the vacuum insulation and the inner content of the pipes causes significant mechanical stresses. The cyclic changes of temperature can lead to considerable fatigue stresses. Additionally, due to complex structure of the scientific facilities, the access to the cryogenic lines can be partly or totally limited. Therefore all these thermal and mechanical aspects have to be analyzed and compromised during the design phase of the complex helium transfer line.The paper presents a design methodology of long multi‐channel helium cryogenic transfer lines. It describes some aspects of process line arrangement, thermo‐mechanical calculation, supporting structure and contraction protection, taking as a case study cryogenic transfer line XATL1, dedicated for the Accelerator Module Test Facility (AMTF) of the European X‐rays Free Electron Laser (XFEL).

Design Methodology of Long Complex Helium Cryogenic Transfer Lines

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Upgrade on risk analysis following the 080919 incident in the LHC sector 3-4

On 19th September 2008, during powering tests of the main dipole circuit of the Large Hadron Collider, an electrical fault occurred producing an electrical arc and resulting in mechanical and electrical damage, release of helium from the magnet cold mass to the insulation vacuum enclosure and consequently to the tunnel, via the spring-loaded relief discs on the vacuum enclosure. The pressurization of the vacuum space exceeded significantly the allowed design value. Mathematical modeling based on a thermodynamic approach has enabled the revision of the helium discharge system protecting the vacuum enclosure against the overpressurization in case of a redefined maximum credible incident (MCI) occurrence.

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J. Fydrych

Papers

Status of the Next European Dipole (NED) activity of the Collaborated Accelerator Research in Europe (CARE) project

Design, production and first commissioning results of the electrical feedboxes of the LHC

Design Methodology of Long Complex Helium Cryogenic Transfer Lines

Upgrade on risk analysis following the 080919 incident in the LHC sector 3-4

Risk analysis update of the LHC cryogenic system following the 19th September 2008 incident