J. G. Charney

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the possibility that a significant part of the energy of the planetary-wave disturbances of the troposphere may propagate into the upper atmosphere and found that the effective index of refraction for the planetary waves depends primarily on the distribution of the mean zonal wind with height.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the high albedo of a desert contributes to a net radiative heat loss relative to its surroundings and that the resultant horizontal temperature gradients induce a frictionally controlled circulation which imports heat aloft and maintains thermal equilibrium through sinking motion and adiabatic compression as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the instability increases with shear, lapse rate, and latitude, and decreases with wave length, and that the westerlies of middle latitudes are a seat of constant dynamic instability.

TL;DR: In this paper, a barotropic channel model is used to study the planetary-scale motions of an atmosphere whose zonal flow is externally driven, and the existence of two stable equilibrium states of very different character may be produced by the same forcing: one is a high-index flow with a weak wave component and a relatively stronger zonal component which is much farther from linear resonance.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of changes in albedo on rainfall in semi-arid areas were studied and the mechanism by which an increase of albedos reduces the rainfall during conditions of high evaporation was considered.