Utilization of high energy, small emittance accelerators for ICF target experiments

vii Chapter 1 The NuMI Beam 1 1.1 NuMI Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 The Primary Proton Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Meson Production Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.4 Meson Focusing with Magnetic Horns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.5 Decay Volume and Downstream Components . . . . . . . . . . 31 1.6 MINOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1.7 Outline of This Dissertation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Chapter 2 The Fermilab Accelerators 43 2.1 Preaccelerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.2 Linac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.3 Booster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2.4 Main Injector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.5 Antiproton Source & Recycler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.6 Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

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Accelerator systems and instrumentation for the NuMI neutrino beam

The time variation in the magnetic field of a model Tevatron dipole magnet at constant excitation current has been studied. Variations in symmetry allowed harmonic components over long time ranges show a log t behavior indicative of 'flux creep'. Both short-time-range and long-time-range behavior depend on the excitation history. Similar effects are seen in the remnant fields present in full-scale Tevatron dipoles following current ramping. Both magnitudes and time dependences are observed to depend on details such as ramp rate, flattop duration, and number of ramps. In a few magnets, variations are also seen in symmetry-disallowed harmonics. >

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Studies of time dependence of fields in Tevatron superconducting dipole magnets

The use of negative hydrogen ions in different accelerators, especially in charge‐exchange injection of protons into orbits of high energy accelerators, is reviewed. The principles of charge exchange for particle acceleration and control and the benefits are discussed after which the performance and characteristics of selected accelerators are summarized. Recent trends in negative ion sources for charge‐exchange accelerators also are reviewed.

Use of hydrogen negative ions in particle accelerators

Superconducting magnets have played a key role in advancing the energy reach of proton synchrotrons and enabling them to play a major role in defining the Standard Model. The problems encountered and solved at the Tevatron are described and used as an introduction to the many challenges posed by the use of this technology. The LHC is being prepared to answer the many questions beyond the Standard Model and in itself is at the cutting edge of technology. A description of its magnets and their properties is given to illustrate the advances that have been made in the use of superconducting magnets over the past 30 years.

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The Development of Superconducting Magnets for Use in Particle Accelerators: From the Tevatron to the LHC

Since March 1978 the Fermilab Booster has operated with H-multiturn charge exchange injection. A record number of protons per Booster cycle has been injected and accelerated to 8 GeV. The details of the injection system are discussed as well as the Booster performance and the reliability of the method.

The Multiturn Charge Exchange Injection System for the Fermilab Booster Accelerator

The measurement system and procedures used to test more than 900 superconducting dipole magnets and more than 275 superconducting quadrupole magnets for the Fermilab Energy Saver are described. The system is designed to measure nearly all parameters relevant to the use of the magnets in the accelerator including maximum field capability and precision field measurements. The performance of the instrumentation with regard to precision, reliability, and operational needs for high volume testing will be described. Previous reports have described the measurement system used during development of the Saver magnets from which this system has evolved.

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Report on the Production Magnet Measurement System for the Fermilab Energy Saver Superconducting Dipoles and Quadrupoles

In order to allow for high energy colliding beams with Fermilab accelerators it is necessary to provide beams which circulate counterclockwise in the Main Ring tunnel (in addition to the usual clockwise direction). For the Booster to provide such beams from its present extraction point, a very large bend (1800) would be needed. Instead, a new extraction area has been designed and a tunnel to the main ring constructed (see figure 1). This transfer line to the Main Ring uses only small bends to accept (normal) counterclockwise circulating Booster beam and create counterclockwise Main Ring beam.

Design of an Additional Extraction/Injection Area for the Fermilab Booster

Recent changes in the injection beam line and the injection and extraction long straight sections of the Fermilab Booster have resulted in both larger apertures and simpler operation. These have facilitated further studies of the aperture limitations in the Booster. We will summarize our studies and results and indicate present aperture limitations. Operational benefits and transmission effects will be discussed.

https://epaper.kek.jp/p81/pdf/pac1981_2907.pdf

J. Garvey

Papers

The Multiturn Charge Exchange Injection System for the Fermilab Booster Accelerator

Report on the Production Magnet Measurement System for the Fermilab Energy Saver Superconducting Dipoles and Quadrupoles

Design of an Additional Extraction/Injection Area for the Fermilab Booster

Status of Efforts to Improve the Transverse Properties of the Fermilab Booster