J. Hornak

TL;DR: Findings indicate that one emotional involvement of the human orbitofrontal cortex is its representation of the magnitudes of abstract rewards and punishments, such as receiving or losing money.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a difficulty in modifying responses, especially when followed by negative consequences, as manifested in these simple laboratory tests, may contribute to the inappropriate behaviour shown in daily life by patients with frontal lobe damage.

TL;DR: Impairments in the identification of facial and vocal emotional expression were demonstrated in a group of patients with ventral frontal lobe damage who had socially inappropriate behaviour and may contribute to the abnormal behaviour seen after frontal lesions, and have implications for rehabilitation.

TL;DR: Findings with surgically circumscribed lesions show that within the prefrontal cortex, both the OFC and the ACC/medial BA 9 region are involved in a number of aspects of emotion in humans including emotion identification, social behaviour and subjective emotional state, and that the dorsolateral prefrontal areas are not involved in emotion in these ways.

TL;DR: The results show that the orbital prefrontal cortex is required bilaterally for monitoring changes in the reward value of stimuli and using this to guide behavior in the task; whereas the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, if it produces deficits in thetask, does so for reasons related to executive functions, such as the control of attention.